Copper(II) Compounds of 4-Nitrobenzohydrazide with Different Anions (ClO₄ ^- , NO₃ ^- and Br^- ): Synthesis,...

Copper complexes containing 4-nitrobenzohydrazide (4-NH), [Cu(4-NH)₂ (ClO₄ )₂ ] (1), [Cu(4-NH)₂ (NO₃ )₂ ] (2) and [Cu(4-NH)₂ Br₂ ] (3), were synthesized and characterized by various spectroscopy. DFT calculations have revealed a distorted octahedral for 1, 2 and 3. DNA interactions of 1-3 toward calf-thymus DNA were investigated by absorption titration, viscosity, fluorescence spectroscopy and gel electrophoresis. All complexes bind to DNA via intercalation mode. The K_b values have shown the binding ability in the order of 3>2>1. The in vitro cytotoxicity of 1-3 was tested against two human cancer cells (HeLa and MCF-7) and normal Vero cells by MTT assay. All complexes show anticancer ability upon increasing time, but the ligand is inactive. Complex 3 with the Br^- anion gives the lowest IC₅₀ values of 19.26±2.43 μg/mL toward MCF-7. Moreover, all complexes were not arrested at any cell cycle phases. However, the sub-G1 populations were enhanced upon increasing the complex concentration. Therefore, they may induce apoptotic cell death for both cancer cells. The antibacterial activity of 1-3 was tested against E. coli, Salmonella and Campylobacter. Complex 3 gives the best activity toward Campylobacter (0.156×10³  μg/mL).