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Positional and dimensional TMJ characteristics in different temporomandibular disorders: A cross-sectional
Amira A Aboalnaga1, Nehal M Amer1, Maged S Alhammadi2
1Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
Cranio : the Journal of Craniomandibular Practice
|January 21, 2022
Summary
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc displacement significantly alters condyle position and joint spaces compared to myalgia. These findings aid in understanding TMJ disorders (TMDs) and their distinct morphological characteristics.
Area of Science:
- Dentistry
- Radiology
- Orthodontics
Background:
- Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) encompass a range of conditions affecting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).
- Differentiating TMDs based on morphological and positional TMJ characteristics is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
- Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) offers detailed 3D visualization of TMJ structures.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the distinct morphological and positional characteristics of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in patients with different temporomandibular disorders (TMDs).
- To compare TMJ parameters among groups with myalgia, disc displacement with reduction (DDWR), and disc displacement without reduction (DDWOR).
Main Methods:
- One hundred forty-three TMD patients were classified into three groups: Myalgia (M), DDWR, and DDWOR.
- Three-dimensional positional and dimensional parameters of the TMJ, including the mandibular fossa, condyle, and joint spaces, were assessed using CBCT.
- Statistical analysis was performed with a significance level of p < 0.05.
Main Results:
- Mandibular condyles in disc displacement groups (DDWR and DDWOR) were significantly positioned more vertically, posteriorly, and medially compared to the myalgia group.
- Reduced condylar width was observed in the disc displacement groups (p < 0.001).
- The anterior joint space was significantly higher in the DDWR group than in the myalgia group, while superior joint spaces were more reduced in the DD groups compared to myalgia.
Conclusions:
- Patients with disc displacement exhibit significantly different condylar positions and joint space dimensions compared to those with myalgia, even within a skeletally comparable sample.
- These distinct TMJ characteristics associated with disc displacement can aid in differentiating TMD subtypes.
- CBCT imaging provides valuable insights into the morphological variations underlying different TMDs.
