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Cisplatin toxicity in cats.

D W Knapp1, R C Richardson, D B DeNicola

  • 1Purdue University School of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, IN 47907.

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine
|January 1, 1987
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Cisplatin chemotherapy causes severe lung toxicity in cats, leading to fatal pulmonary edema. This dose-dependent toxicity appears specific to felines and warrants careful consideration in veterinary oncology.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Oncology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapy drug in human and veterinary medicine.
  • Renal toxicity is a known side effect of cisplatin, and strategies like saline diuresis are employed to mitigate it.
  • Pulmonary toxicity of cisplatin has been reported in humans but is less understood in feline patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the toxicity of cisplatin in cats.
  • To determine if cisplatin causes pulmonary toxicity in felines.
  • To assess the dose-dependency and species-specificity of cisplatin-induced pulmonary toxicity in cats.

Main Methods:

  • Eleven cats (experimental and clinical) were administered cisplatin at doses of 60 mg/m2, 40 mg/m2, or 20 mg/m2.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Saline diuresis was used in an attempt to prevent renal toxicity.
  • Control groups received a placebo (0.9% saline solution).
  • Clinical signs, postmortem findings, and histopathologic examinations were used to evaluate toxicity.

    • Main Results:

    • Cats receiving 60 mg/m2 of cisplatin developed severe dyspnea, hydrothorax, pulmonary edema, and mediastinal edema, leading to death.
    • Histopathology revealed thickened alveolar septa, congestion, necrosis, fibrin, and microangiopathic changes in alveolar capillaries.
    • Cats treated with 40 mg/m2 showed similar but less severe pulmonary changes.
    • One cat treated with 20 mg/m2 showed no adverse effects.

    Conclusions:

    • Cisplatin administration in cats can result in severe, dose-dependent, primary pulmonary toxicity.
    • This toxicity appears to be species-specific to felines.
    • The findings suggest that cisplatin should be used with extreme caution in cats due to the risk of fatal pulmonary complications.