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Are Tidal Salt Marshes Exposed to Nutrient Pollution more Vulnerable to Sea Level Rise?
J R Krause1, E Watson1, C Wigand2
1Department of Biodiversity, Earth & Environmental Sciences and the Academy of Natural Sciences, Drexel University, 1900 Benjamin Franklin Pkwy, Philadelphia, PA, 19103, USA.
Coastal wetlands in Long Island are submerging. Wastewater exposure may accelerate intertidal marsh loss, while elevation and tidal range impact different marsh zones differently, affecting sea level rise resilience.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Science
- Coastal Ecology
- Geomorphology
Background:
- Long Island, NY, has experienced significant coastal wetland loss (4% per decade) over 40 years due to submergence.
- Sea level rise poses a substantial threat to coastal salt marsh ecosystems globally.
- Understanding factors influencing marsh vulnerability is crucial for effective conservation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationships between tidal salt marsh loss rates and environmental factors.
- To identify key drivers, including marsh elevation, tidal range, and wastewater exposure, that increase marsh vulnerability to sea level rise.
- To specifically assess the role of poor water quality in accelerating marsh loss.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of stable isotope ratios in marsh soils and biota.
- Examination of marsh elevation and tidal range data.
- Comparison of marsh loss rates across different marsh zones (intertidal vs. high tidal).
Main Results:
- Wastewater exposure was found to potentially accelerate the loss of intertidal marshes.
- High tidal marshes showed resilience to sea level rise, unaffected by wastewater exposure.
- Marsh elevation and tidal range were significant predictors of marsh loss but exhibited opposing relationships in different marsh zones.
Conclusions:
- Coastal salt marshes exhibit varied responses to global change factors across different functional zones.
- Marsh elevation may play a critical role in mediating the effects of eutrophication on coastal salt marshes.
- Differential responses highlight the need for zone-specific management strategies for coastal wetland conservation.
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