Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

12.7K
A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
12.7K
Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria01:19

Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria

6.8K
Mitochondrial precursors are translocated to the internal subcompartments via independent mechanisms involving distinct protein machineries called translocases.
Sorting of outer membrane proteins:
Mitochondrial outer membrane proteins are of two types: the transmembrane, beta-barrel porins, and the membrane-anchored, alpha-helical proteins. Beta-barrel porin precursors are translocated by the TOM complex and inserted into the outer mitochondrial membrane by the SAM complex. In contrast,...
6.8K
Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

15.2K
The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
15.2K
Mitochondrial Protein Sorting01:39

Mitochondrial Protein Sorting

4.6K
Mitochondria are double-membrane organelles of the eukaryotes involved in cellular metabolism, signaling, ATP synthesis, and programmed cell death.  Each of these processes requires specific proteins and enzymes that must be correctly sorted to the right mitochondrial subcompartment for the proper functioning of the organelle.
Most of these mitochondrial proteins are encoded by the nucleus and imported to the mitochondria as unfolded or loosely folded precursors. Mitochondrial precursors...
4.6K
Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

15.5K
Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
15.5K
Mitochondrial Precursor Proteins01:39

Mitochondrial Precursor Proteins

2.7K
Mitochondrial precursors are partially unfolded or loosely folded polypeptide chains. Newly synthesized precursors are inhibited from spontaneously folding into their native conformation by the cytosolic chaperones, heat shock proteins 70 (Hsp70), and mitochondrial import stimulation factors (MSFs). Precursors bound to MSFs are guided to the TOM70-TOM37 receptors, while precursors bound to Hsp70  chaperones are targetted to TOM20-TOM22 receptor complexes.
Most of the mitochondrial...
2.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The development of novel chimeric antigen receptor gamma-delta T cells against multiple myeloma and single-cell RNA sequencing analysis.

British journal of haematology·2026
Same author

Human single domain antibody-based CAR-T cells targeting BAFF-R demonstrate promising preclinical activity in B-cell malignancies.

BMC cancer·2026
Same author

VPS34 inhibition as a host-targeting anti-coronaviral strategy: Rational design of YBM with optimized pharmacokinetic parameters.

Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B·2026
Same author

Attenuating chemotherapy-induced nephrotoxicity while potentiating antitumor efficacy by transforming a Janus drug into dual-targeting carbonized polymer dots.

Biomaterials·2026
Same author

A Millimeter-Scale Implantable Magneto-Mechano-Electric Transducer Based on BTO Piezoelectric Ceramics for Remote Wireless Electrical Stimulation of Injured Sciatic Nerves.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same author

Multilevel Exploration of Shared Genetic Architecture Between Primary Biliary Cholangitis and Four Autoimmune Diseases.

Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 5, 2025

Assessing Mitochondrial Function in Sciatic Nerve by High-Resolution Respirometry
08:19

Assessing Mitochondrial Function in Sciatic Nerve by High-Resolution Respirometry

Published on: May 5, 2022

2.6K

SARS-CoV-2 Causes Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Mitophagy Impairment.

Chao Shang1, Zirui Liu2, Yilong Zhu3

  • 1Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CASS), Changchun, China.

Frontiers in Microbiology
|January 24, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) hijacks mitochondria for replication and disrupts mitochondrial function. Inhibiting viral RNA entry into mitochondria and addressing mitophagy defects may offer therapeutic strategies against SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Keywords:
SARS-CoV-2Tom20mitochondriamitophagyviral RNA localization

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Decoding Mitochondrial Aging
08:48

Author Spotlight: Decoding Mitochondrial Aging

Published on: June 30, 2023

4.2K
Author Spotlight: Establishing a New Fluorescence-Based Protocol for In Vivo Mitochondrial Morphology Analysis in Parkinson's Disease
06:07

Author Spotlight: Establishing a New Fluorescence-Based Protocol for In Vivo Mitochondrial Morphology Analysis in Parkinson's Disease

Published on: June 23, 2023

1.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 5, 2025

Assessing Mitochondrial Function in Sciatic Nerve by High-Resolution Respirometry
08:19

Assessing Mitochondrial Function in Sciatic Nerve by High-Resolution Respirometry

Published on: May 5, 2022

2.6K
Author Spotlight: Decoding Mitochondrial Aging
08:48

Author Spotlight: Decoding Mitochondrial Aging

Published on: June 30, 2023

4.2K
Author Spotlight: Establishing a New Fluorescence-Based Protocol for In Vivo Mitochondrial Morphology Analysis in Parkinson's Disease
06:07

Author Spotlight: Establishing a New Fluorescence-Based Protocol for In Vivo Mitochondrial Morphology Analysis in Parkinson's Disease

Published on: June 23, 2023

1.8K

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Mitochondria are crucial for innate immunity, metabolism, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.
  • The interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and host cell mitochondria remains largely unexplored.
  • Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in severe disease outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of mitochondria in SARS-CoV-2 replication.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 affects mitochondrial homeostasis.
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets related to mitochondrial pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Fluorescent microscopy to visualize viral RNA localization.
  • Tom20 knockdown experiments to assess dsRNA import.
  • Treatment with mitochondrial stabilizers (mdivi-1, cyclosporin A).
  • Assessment of mitochondrial function (membrane potential, ROS).
  • Analysis of mitophagy markers (Pink1, Parkin, P62, LC3) and Hsp60.
  • Co-immunoprecipitation to study protein interactions.

Main Results:

  • SARS-CoV-2 replication products (dsRNA) accumulate within mitochondria, potentially imported via Tom20.
  • Inhibiting dsRNA mitochondrial entry or using mitochondrial stabilizers reduced viral load.
  • SARS-CoV-2 infection induced mitochondrial dysfunction, including membrane depolarization and increased ROS.
  • Mitophagy was initiated but ultimately inhibited by SARS-CoV-2, which interfered with P62-LC3 binding.
  • Hsp60 expression remained unchanged, suggesting incomplete mitophagy.

Conclusions:

  • Mitochondria are integral to SARS-CoV-2 replication and are significantly impacted by the virus.
  • SARS-CoV-2 disrupts mitochondrial homeostasis and evades host defense mechanisms like mitophagy.
  • Targeting mitochondrial pathways, such as dsRNA import and mitophagy, could be a viable therapeutic strategy against SARS-CoV-2.