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ABO Blood Group Incompatibility Protects Against SARS-CoV-2 Transmission
Rachida Boukhari1, Adrien Breiman1,2, Jennifer Jazat2
1CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France.
Frontiers in Microbiology
|January 24, 2022
Summary
ABO blood group incompatibility reduced the risk of COVID-19 transmission. This suggests that anti-ABO antibodies neutralize the SARS-CoV-2 virus, impacting infection rates.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Virology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- The association between ABO blood groups and SARS-CoV-2 infection risk is observed, but mechanisms are unclear.
- Two hypotheses exist: ABO compatibility-dependence via antibodies and ABO-dependent intrinsic susceptibility via spike protein binding.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the role of ABO compatibility in SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
- To test the hypothesis that anti-ABO antibodies neutralize the virus.
Main Methods:
- Anonymous questionnaire survey of hospital staff.
- Estimation of symptomatic secondary attack rates (SAR) based on spouse ABO blood group compatibility.
- Testing for binding of recombinant SARS-CoV-2 RBD to blood group glycans.
Main Results:
- ABO incompatible couples showed a significantly lower SAR (28%) compared to compatible couples (47%).
- No ABO dependence was observed in compatible situations.
- No binding of SARS-CoV-2 RBD to ABO blood group glycans was detected.
Conclusions:
- ABO incompatibility significantly decreases COVID-19 transmission risk.
- Anti-ABO antibodies likely contribute to SARS-CoV-2 neutralization.
- No evidence supports ABO-dependent intrinsic susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Keywords:
ABO blood groupsCOVID-19SARS-CoV-2 infectiongenetic susceptibility and resistanceincompatibilityMore Related Videos
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