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Polarization and Characterization of M1 and M2 Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages on Implant Surfaces
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Innate Phagocyte Polarization in the Oral Cavity.

Sarah Metcalfe1, Natalie Anselmi1, Alejandro Escobar2

  • 1Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States.

Frontiers in Immunology
|January 24, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Innate immune cells like macrophages and neutrophils are crucial for oral health but can drive disease. Their changing functions impact interactions with oral microbiota, affecting conditions like periodontal disease and cancer.

Keywords:
cellular polarizationinflammationmacrophageneutrophiloral cancerperiodontal disease

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Area of Science:

  • Oral immunology
  • Innate immunity
  • Microbiota-host interactions

Background:

  • The oral cavity hosts a complex environment with constant antigen exposure.
  • Innate immune cells are vital for oral homeostasis but implicated in disease.
  • Macrophages and neutrophils are key oral phagocytes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the roles of oral macrophages and neutrophils in homeostasis and disease.
  • To focus on periodontal disease and oral cancer.
  • To examine how cellular changes affect immune cell interactions with oral microbiota.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of innate immune cell functions in the oral cavity.
  • Analysis of macrophage polarization and neutrophil heterogeneity.
  • Examination of immune cell-microbiota interactions in disease contexts.

Main Results:

  • Macrophages exhibit polarization crucial for oral health and disease.
  • Neutrophils display phenotypic heterogeneity in the oral cavity.
  • Altered immune cell phenotypes can exacerbate oral diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Macrophages and neutrophils have dynamic roles in oral health and disease.
  • Changes in these innate immune cells influence oral microbiota interactions.
  • Understanding these dynamics is key for managing oral diseases like periodontal disease and cancer.