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Initial coin offerings (ICOs): Why do they succeed?

José Campino¹, Ana Brochado², Álvaro Rosa¹

¹Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Business Research Unit (BRU-IUL), Lisbon, Portugal.

Financial Innovation

|January 24, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Successful initial coin offerings (ICOs) depend on strong whitepapers, market access, and cryptocurrency valuation. Human capital and social media engagement are also key factors for ICO success.

Keywords:

Bank Blockchain Crowdfunding Financial services Fintech Initial coin offering (ICO)Innovation Success Technology Venture capital

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Area of Science:

* Finance
* Blockchain Technology
* Cryptocurrency

Background:

* Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs) represent an innovative venture financing method utilizing cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology.
* While ICOs have gained attention, critical success factors remain underexplored, necessitating further research.
* The banking and financial sector presents a significant area for ICO project analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

* To identify and analyze the key factors influencing the success of Initial Coin Offering (ICO) projects.
* To investigate the impact of project-specific and campaign-related variables on ICO outcomes.
* To contribute to the understanding of venture financing within the cryptocurrency landscape.

Main Methods:

* Conducted a comprehensive literature review to identify potential success factors.
* Utilized a database of 428 ICO projects within the banking/financial sector.
* Employed econometric models to regress and analyze the influence of various variables on project success.

Main Results:

* A well-structured and informative whitepaper significantly impacts ICO success.
* Proximity to markets with abundant financial and human capital is a crucial determinant.
* Project success is strongly correlated with cryptocurrency valuation and social media presence.
* Human capital characteristics play a vital role in ICO project outcomes.

Conclusions:

* This research consolidates and empirically validates numerous previously identified ICO success factors using a large dataset.
* Findings offer valuable insights for investors conducting due diligence and for regulators overseeing the evolving ICO landscape.
* The study adapts systems theory and signaling theory frameworks to the unique environment of ICOs.