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Updated: Oct 5, 2025
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An Intestine/Liver Microphysiological System for Drug Pharmacokinetic and Toxicological Assessment
Published on: December 3, 2020
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Acid-base abnormalities and liver dysfunction
Periklis Katopodis1, Efthymios M Pappas2, Konstantinos P Katopodis3
1Biosciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK.
Annals of Hepatology
|January 25, 2022
Summary
The liver is vital for acid-base balance, especially in cirrhosis patients where conventional models fail. New physicochemical models better assess complex acid-base disorders in liver disease.
Area of Science:
- Hepatology
- Physiology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- The liver significantly contributes to acid-base equilibrium (ABE) through its roles in lactic acid metabolism, urea production, and protein homeostasis.
- Liver cirrhosis commonly presents with Respiratory Alkalosis (RAlk), but other complex acid-base disturbances frequently coexist.
- Traditional ABE assessment methods are insufficient for patients with liver cirrhosis due to these multifactorial imbalances.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the liver's critical role in maintaining ABE.
- To underscore the limitations of conventional ABE assessment in liver cirrhosis.
- To introduce the development of advanced physicochemical mathematical models for comprehensive ABE analysis in liver disease.
Main Methods:
- Review of the liver's physiological functions related to ABE.
- Analysis of common acid-base disorders in liver cirrhosis.
- Development and application of novel physicochemical mathematical models for ABE assessment.
Main Results:
- Liver cirrhosis is associated with RAlk and a spectrum of other acid-base disorders, including metabolic alkalosis (hypoalbuminemia-related), hyponatremic/hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, lactic acidosis, and urea metabolism-related alkalosis.
- Conventional ABE models inadequately identify and quantify these complex, coexisting disorders.
- Physicochemical mathematical models offer a more accurate approach to evaluating ABE in liver cirrhosis.
Conclusions:
- The liver's role in ABE is substantial and complex, particularly in liver cirrhosis.
- Advanced physicochemical models are necessary to accurately diagnose and manage the multifaceted acid-base disturbances in liver cirrhosis.
- Improved ABE assessment in liver cirrhosis can lead to better patient management and outcomes.
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