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Related Concept Videos

Obesity01:24

Obesity

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The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
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Drug Dosing: Obese Patients01:21

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In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...
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Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...
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Development of the Lymphatic System01:15

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The development of lymphatic tissues and vessels in embryonic life begins around the fifth week. These structures originate from the mesoderm layer, with lymph sacs emerging from developing veins.
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Lymphatic vessels, known as lymphatics, are crucial in transporting lymph from peripheral tissues to our venous system. This process begins with lymph entering through tiny capillaries that branch through tissues. These capillaries have unique features such as larger diameters, thinner walls, and a distinctive one-way valve system formed by overlapping endothelial cells.
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The hypodermis (the subcutaneous layer or superficial fascia) is present directly below the dermis. It connects the skin to the underlying fascia (fibrous tissue) of the bones and muscles. It is not strictly a part of the skin, although the border between the hypodermis and dermis can be difficult to distinguish. The hypodermis consists of well-vascularized, loose, areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue, which functions as a mode of fat storage and provides insulation and cushioning for...
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Angioedema Presenting as Infant-Onset Primary Lymphedema.

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Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Breast Cancer-related Lymphedema
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Lymphedema and Obesity.

Christopher L Sudduth1, Arin K Greene1

  • 1Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Lymphedema Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine
|January 25, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Extreme obesity can cause lower extremity lymphedema, known as obesity-induced lymphedema (OIL). Weight loss is the primary treatment for this condition, which worsens with increasing body mass index.

Area of Science:

  • Medical science
  • Physiology
  • Obesity research

Background:

  • Lymphedema arises from impaired lymphatic system function.
  • Extreme obesity, particularly with a body mass index (BMI) over 40, can lead to lower extremity lymphedema, termed obesity-induced lymphedema (OIL).
  • The risk of lymphatic dysfunction escalates with higher BMIs, becoming nearly universal above a BMI of 60.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define obesity-induced lymphedema (OIL) and its pathological mechanisms.
  • To elucidate the impact of extreme obesity on lymphatic system components and function.
  • To highlight the relationship between obesity and lymphatic injury.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on lymphedema and obesity.
  • Analysis of the physiological effects of elevated BMI on lymphatic vasculature.

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  • Examination of the consequences of impaired lymphatic fluid uptake.

    • Main Results:

    • Obesity negatively affects subcutaneous lymphatic density, lymphatic endothelial cell proliferation, and lymphatic vessel pumping capacity.
    • Increased BMI impairs the clearance of macromolecules and increases lymphatic leakiness.
    • Failure of lymphatic fluid uptake contributes to adipose tissue deposition, fibrosis, and exacerbates obesity.

    Conclusions:

    • Obesity-induced lymphedema (OIL) represents a detrimental cycle of weight gain and lymphatic damage.
    • Effective management of OIL necessitates significant weight reduction.
    • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing targeted interventions for OIL.