Superstrong, Lightweight, and Exceptional Environmentally Stable SiO₂@GO/Bamboo Composites

Development of lightweight structural materials from fast-growing bamboos is of great significance to building a sustainable society. However, previously developed structural bamboos by delignification combined with densification would easily fail under large external loading after exposure to water due to structure collapse, severely limiting their practical applications. Here, we demonstrate an ultrastrong and exceptional environmentally stable bamboo composite consisting of a graphene oxide (GO)/bamboo core and hierarchical SiO₂ protection layer. The GO/bamboo composite exhibits ultrahigh tensile strength (641.6 MPa), superb flexural strength (428.4 MPa), and excellent toughness (17.5 MJ/m³), which are increased by about 480, 250, and 360% compared with natural bamboo, respectively. As a result, the specific tensile strength of the GO/bamboo composite is up to 513.3 MPa·cm³/g due to its low density (1.25 g/cm³), outperforming engineering structural materials such as aluminum alloys, steels, and titanium alloys. These large improvements benefit from the well-preserved bamboo scaffold and the strong hydrogen bonds between bamboo fibers and GO nanosheets. On the other hand, the SiO₂@GO/bamboo composite shows superhydrophobicity due to the construction of hierarchical SiO₂ layers, which endows it with outstanding water resistance. Moreover, the bamboo composite shows an ultralow coefficient of thermal expansion (≈2.3 × 10^-6 K^-1), indicating its excellent dimensional stability. Considering the ultrahigh mechanical performance and outstanding environmental stability, the developed lightweight SiO₂@GO/bamboo composite is hopeful to be a green and sustainable structural material for practical engineering applications.