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Nipah Virus: An Updated Review and Emerging Challenges
Mohamed Diaa Gabra1, Hazem S Ghaith2, Mahmoud Ahmed Ebada3,4,5
1Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt.
Infectious Disorders Drug Targets
|January 26, 2022
Summary
Nipah virus (NiV) poses a severe global health threat with a high fatality rate. This review highlights the latest updates on NiV and methods to prevent its spread, crucial during current pandemic challenges.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Nipah virus (NiV) is an emerging zoonotic virus with a high fatality rate (40-75%).
- NiV outbreaks have occurred in Malaysia, Bangladesh, and India, linked to infected pigs and contaminated date palm sap.
- The World Health Organization identifies NiV as a priority pathogen with pandemic potential and limited treatment options.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the latest scientific literature on Nipah virus (NiV).
- To highlight current understanding of NiV transmission, clinical manifestations, and epidemiology.
- To discuss strategies for preventing NiV spread, particularly in the context of global health crises.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of published literature on Nipah virus.
- Analysis of epidemiological data from past NiV outbreaks.
- Synthesis of information on clinical management and public health interventions.
Main Results:
- NiV affects both respiratory and central nervous systems, with significant mortality.
- Transmission routes include direct contact with infected animals and consumption of contaminated food products.
- Current management is supportive, with no licensed antiviral treatments available.
Conclusions:
- Nipah virus (NiV) represents a significant and ongoing threat requiring enhanced surveillance and preparedness.
- Effective prevention strategies, including public awareness and safe food practices, are critical.
- Further research into NiV pathogenesis and the development of specific therapeutics are urgently needed.
