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Related Concept Videos

Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

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Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
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Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
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Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
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Related Experiment Video

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Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay Using Micrococcal Nucleases in Mammalian Cells
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MYC amplifies gene expression through global changes in transcription factor dynamics.

Simona Patange1, David A Ball2, Yihan Wan2

  • 1Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.

Cell Reports
|January 26, 2022
PubMed
Summary

The MYC oncogene

Keywords:
MYCsingle-molecule imagingtranscription

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • The MYC oncogene is a critical regulator of cell growth and proliferation.
  • Decades of research have not fully elucidated the precise mechanisms by which MYC controls gene expression.
  • Understanding MYC's function is crucial for developing targeted cancer therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of MYC in modulating transcriptional bursting and transcription factor binding dynamics.
  • To elucidate the functional consequences of MYC overexpression on gene expression at the single-cell level.
  • To differentiate the role of MYC from other transcription factors in regulating gene expression.

Main Methods:

  • Engineered an optogenetic variant of MYC (Pi-MYC).
  • Utilized single-molecule RNA and protein imaging techniques in human cells.
  • Performed an in vivo readout of gene expression events in single cells.

Main Results:

  • MYC overexpression increases the duration, not the frequency, of transcriptional bursts.
  • This functional role distinguishes MYC from most other human transcription factors.
  • Proposed that MYC alters transcription factor binding dynamics to affect RNA polymerase II activity.

Conclusions:

  • MYC modulates gene expression by extending the duration of transcriptional bursts.
  • MYC influences the active period of genes by altering transcription factor binding dynamics.
  • This provides new insights into the regulatory mechanisms of the MYC oncogene.