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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

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Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
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Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

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The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
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Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management

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AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...
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Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction

66
Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...
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Introduction to Urinary System01:13

Introduction to Urinary System

4.6K
The urinary system consists of two kidneys, two ureters, the urinary bladder, and the urethra.
The kidneys are bean-shaped organs located in the retroperitoneal space, on either side of the vertebral column, between the T12 and L3 vertebrae. They are partially protected by the rib cage and surrounded by perirenal fat, which provides cushioning. They are responsible for urine formation and play critical roles in regulating blood pressure, electrolyte levels, and hormone production. The ureters...
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Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

60
Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
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Updated: Oct 5, 2025

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Current Concepts in Urinary Surgery.

Pamela Schwartz1

  • 1Surgeon and Department Chair, The Animal Medical Center, 510 East 62 Street, New York, NY 10065, USA.

The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Small Animal Practice
|January 27, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Minimally invasive procedures offer new solutions for challenging canine and feline ureteral obstructions and urinary incontinence. Advancements include ureteral stenting and bypass systems for improved pet urinary health.

Keywords:
Hydraulic occluderSubcutaneous ureteral bypass (SUB)Transurethral bulking agentUreteral obstructionUreteral stentUreterotomyUrinary incontinence

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary surgery
  • Urology
  • Minimally invasive procedures

Background:

  • Canine and feline ureteral obstructions and urinary incontinence present significant management challenges.
  • Traditional treatments can be controversial and frustrating for clinicians and pet owners.
  • A shift towards minimally invasive techniques is evident in veterinary urology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advancements in veterinary urologic surgery for ureteral obstructions and urinary incontinence.
  • To highlight minimally invasive treatment options for these conditions in dogs and cats.
  • To focus on specific techniques like ureteral stenting and bypass systems.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature and surgical techniques.
  • Focus on minimally invasive approaches for diagnosis and treatment.
  • Detailed examination of ureteral stenting, subcutaneous ureteral bypass, transurethral bulking agents, and hydraulic occluders.

Main Results:

  • Minimally invasive procedures can aid in both diagnosis and treatment of ureteral obstructions and incontinence.
  • Ureteral stenting and subcutaneous ureteral bypass systems are effective for ureteral obstructions.
  • Transurethral bulking agents and hydraulic occluders offer options for urinary incontinence.

Conclusions:

  • Minimally invasive urologic surgery provides viable alternatives for managing complex ureteral and incontinence cases in small animals.
  • These techniques aim to improve patient outcomes and reduce treatment frustration.
  • Continued advancements offer promising solutions for veterinary urologic conditions.