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Correlating Behavioral Responses to fMRI Signals from Human Prefrontal Cortex: Examining Cognitive Processes Using Task Analysis

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Theta low-gamma phase amplitude coupling in the human orbitofrontal cortex increases during a conflict-processing

Kuang-Hsuan Chen¹, Austin M Tang¹, Zachary D Gilbert¹

¹Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, 1200 N State Street, Suite 3300, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States of America.

Journal of Neural Engineering

|January 27, 2022

Summary

Researchers found increased orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) theta-gamma phase amplitude coupling (PAC) during conflict resolution. This suggests OFC theta-LG PAC plays a role in processing conflict after detection and before response.

Keywords:

conflict processing human local field potential orbitofrontal cortex phase-amplitude coupling

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Neuroscience
Electrophysiology

Background:

The human orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is implicated in response inhibition and conflict processing.
Mechanisms of frequency-specific power changes, including theta-gamma interactions, in OFC conflict processing remain unclear.
Theta-gamma phase amplitude coupling (PAC) is observed in memory studies but its role in OFC conflict resolution is unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the coupled relationship between theta and gamma frequency bands in the OFC during conflict processing.
To characterize the timing and magnitude of neural oscillatory changes using theta-gamma PAC.
To determine if OFC theta-gamma PAC drives conflict processing.

Main Methods:

Eight epilepsy patients with OFC stereotactic electroencephalography electrodes performed a modified Stroop task.
Theta-gamma phase amplitude coupling (PAC) was assessed to quantify neural oscillatory changes.
Non-parametric cluster-permutation t-test was used for group analysis of coherence values.

Main Results:

Theta-low gamma (LG) PAC significantly increased in 5/8 patients during incongruent vs. congruent trials.
Increased theta-LG PAC was most prominent 200-800 ms after cue presentation, during cue processing.
Group analysis revealed significantly greater trial-averaged mean theta-LG PAC in the incongruent condition (p<0.001).

Conclusions:

OFC theta phase and low gamma amplitude coupling increases during conflict resolution.
OFC theta-LG PAC may contribute to conflict processing after conflict detection and before motor response.
Findings support the hypothesis of global theta waves modulating local gamma signals in OFC conflict resolution.