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Double-Resonant Nanostructured Gold Surface for Multiplexed Detection.

Antonio Minopoli1,2, Emanuela Scardapane1, Bartolomeo Della Ventura1

  • 1Department of Physics "E. Pancini", University Federico II, Via Cintia 26, 80126 Naples, Italy.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|January 28, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel plasmonic substrate that amplifies fluorescence for a malaria apta-immunoassay. This chip-based biosensor achieves highly sensitive detection of Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenase in whole blood.

Keywords:
apta-immunosensorblock copolymer micelle nanolithographygold nanoparticlesmultiplexingnanostructured surfacephotochemical immobilization techniqueplasmon-enhanced fluorescence

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology and Nanoscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Plasmon-enhanced fluorescence (PEF) offers a pathway for signal amplification in biosensing.
  • Existing apta-immunoassays often require sample preconcentration or complex pretreatments.
  • Development of sensitive and efficient chip-based diagnostic tools for infectious diseases is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a novel double-resonant plasmonic substrate for fluorescence amplification.
  • To implement this substrate in a chip-based apta-immunoassay for detecting Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenase (PfLDH).
  • To investigate the potential for multiplexing in high-throughput diagnostic applications.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a substrate with hexagonally arranged and sprinkled gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) exhibiting distinct optical resonances.
  • Numerical simulations using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method to analyze plasmonic responses and identify electromagnetic hot spots.
  • Integration of the substrate with 5-carboxyfluorescein (5-FAM) and cyanine 5 (Cy5) fluorophores for malaria apta-immunoassay targeting PfLDH in human whole blood.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated significant fluorescence amplification (160x for 5-FAM, 4500x for Cy5) due to the plasmonic substrate.
  • Achieved low limits of detection: 50 pM for 5-FAM and 260 fM for Cy5, without sample preconcentration.
  • Established a linear correlation between fluorescence intensity and PfLDH concentration over five decades.

Conclusions:

  • The developed double-resonant plasmonic substrate effectively enhances fluorescence for sensitive apta-immunoassay detection of PfLDH.
  • The substrate enables highly sensitive diagnostics directly from human whole blood, simplifying assay procedures.
  • The platform holds promise for multiplexed detection, advancing high-throughput malaria screening and diagnostics.