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Updated: Oct 5, 2025

Isolation, Characterization, and Therapeutic Application of Extracellular Vesicles from Cultured Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells
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Clinical Translational Potentials of Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Type 1 Diabetes

Wei Hu1, Xiang Song1, Haibo Yu1

  • 1Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, United States.

Frontiers in Endocrinology
|January 31, 2022
PubMed

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an organ-specific disease characterized by the deficiency of insulin caused by the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic islet β cells. Stem cell-based therapies play essential roles in immunomodulation and tissue regeneration, both of which hold great promise for treating many autoimmune dysfunctions. However, their clinical translational potential has been limited by ethical issues and cell transplant rejections. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by almost all types of cells, performing a variety of cell functions through the delivery of their molecular contents such as proteins, DNAs, and RNAs. Increasing evidence suggests that stem cell-derived EVs exhibit similar functions as their parent cells, which may represent novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of autoimmune diseases including T1D. In this review, we summarize the current research progresses of stem cell-derived EVs for the treatment of T1D.

Keywords:
autoimmunityexosomeextracellular vesicleimmunomodulationstem celltype 1 diabetesβ-cell regeneration

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