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Mechanical Feedback Control for Multicellular Tissue Size Maintenance: A Minireview.

Tsuyoshi Hirashima^1,2,3

¹The Hakubi Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology

|January 31, 2022

Summary

Biological tissues maintain specific sizes through intrinsic feedback mechanisms. Cellular responses to mechanical cues are key to regulating tissue size and homeostasis.

Keywords:

control system epithelial tissues feedback regulation mechano-response tissue size maintenance

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Area of Science:

Biology
Control Systems Engineering
Biophysics

Background:

Biological tissues and organs possess critical sizes for development, growth, and homeostasis.
Intrinsic regulatory mechanisms are hypothesized to maintain these specific tissue sizes.
Recent advances have illuminated size regulation at molecular and cellular levels.

Purpose of the Study:

To review biological tissue size regulation from a control systems perspective.
To highlight the role of feedback systems in tissue size maintenance.
To introduce a general framework for understanding tissue size control.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on tissue size regulation.
Application of control systems theory to biological systems.
Analysis of feedback mechanisms involving cellular mechano-response and intracellular signaling.

Main Results:

A general framework for feedback control systems in tissue size regulation is proposed.
Two examples illustrate the framework: epithelial tissue volume and epithelial tube diameter.
Cellular mechano-response is identified as a crucial factor in maintaining tissue size.

Conclusions:

Feedback control systems are fundamental to biological tissue size regulation.
Mechanical interactions and intracellular signaling mediate tissue size maintenance.
Understanding cellular mechano-response provides insights into organ size control.