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Updated: Oct 5, 2025

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
Published on: June 7, 2018
Raman Spectroscopy Characterization of Amorphous Coke Generated in Industrial Processes
Claire Chunjuan Zhang1, Sage Hartlaub1, Ivan Petrovic1
1BASF Corporation, 25 Middlesex-Essex Tpk., Iselin, New Jersey 08830, United States.
Abstract:
Examples on the real-world field application of Raman spectroscopy with systematic analysis of the intensity variation of D and G bands corresponding to the change of excitation laser energy to characterize and compare coke species from various industrial processes are presented. The findings indicate the different degree of sp2 and sp3 hybridized bonding structures of amorphous carbon collected from different industrial processes as well as heavy carbonaceous deposits generated by industrial catalysts. This spectroscopic methodology is practical and highly beneficial in identifying coke formation mechanisms in industrial processes, as well as supporting design strategies to abate the undesired coke formation on industrial catalysts.
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