3D-Printed Flexible Phase-Change Nonwoven Fabrics toward Multifunctional Clothing

Functional phase-change fabrics hold great promise as wearable clothing. However, how to enable a phase-change fabric with the combined features of excellent structural flexibility and robustness, integrated multifunctionality, superior stability, and durability, as well as facile and scalable manufacturing, still remains a significant challenge. Herein, we demonstrated a scalable and controllable three-dimensional (3D) printing strategy for manufacturing flexible, thin, and robust phase-change nonwoven fabric (PCNF), with abundant and regular breathable pores as well as uniform and tight embedment of highly interconnected single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) into hydrophobic filaments built by intertwining solid-solid phase-change polymer chains together. The remarkable architectural features enabled an integral whole of the fabric, ready air exchange, superior water impermeability, highly efficient heat harvesting and storage, and effective absorption and reflection of electromagnetic waves, thereby delivering an exceptional combined function of breathability, waterproofness, thermal regulation, and radiation resistance, and meanwhile featuring superior thermal stability and outstanding resistance to stretching/folding fatigue even at cycles up to 2000. This work sheds light on effective strategies for manufacturing wearable phase-change fabrics with multifunctionality and high stability in a scalable manner toward future uses.