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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

711
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

544
Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Polymalic Acid-based Nano Biopolymers for Targeting of Multiple Tumor Markers: An Opportunity for Personalized Medicine?
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Nanozyme-Based Enhanced Cancer Immunotherapy.

Ngoc Man Phan1, Thanh Loc Nguyen1, Jaeyun Kim2,3,4,5

  • 1School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.

Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
|January 31, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Nanozymes, or enzyme-mimicking nanoparticles, are revolutionizing cancer immunotherapy by modulating the tumor microenvironment. They can be engineered to generate or scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) to enhance anti-tumor immune responses.

Keywords:
Cancer immunotherapyImmunogenic cell deathNanozymesReactive oxygen speciesTumor microenvironment

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Nanozymes possess natural enzyme-mimicking properties, making them promising for cancer immunotherapy.
  • Their enzymatic activities allow them to act as drug carriers and modulate the tumor microenvironment (TME).
  • Nanozymes can target immunosuppressive TME by utilizing catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and oxidase activities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of nanozymes in cancer immunotherapy.
  • To discuss representative reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generating and ROS-scavenging nanozymes.
  • To explore therapeutic pathways utilizing nanozymes to provoke anti-cancer immune responses.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on nanozymes and cancer immunotherapy.
  • Categorization of nanozymes based on ROS generation or scavenging.
  • Analysis of nanozyme-TME interactions for therapeutic strategy development.

Main Results:

  • Nanozymes can reverse the immunosuppressive TME to an immunoactive state.
  • Both ROS-generating and ROS-scavenging nanozymes enhance cancer immunotherapy efficacy.
  • Artificial nanozymes can be designed to respond to specific TME conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Nanozymes offer a versatile platform for cancer immunotherapy.
  • Strategic application of nanozymes can overcome TME-mediated immunosuppression.
  • Further research into nanozyme-TME interactions will unlock novel therapeutic strategies.