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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 5, 2025

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: March 14, 2025

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Competitive interactions between cognitive reappraisal and mentalizing.

John P Powers1, Nadia Kako1, Daniel N McIntosh1

  • 1University of Denver, Department of Psychology, 2155 S. Race St., Denver, CO, USA.

International Journal of Psychophysiology : Official Journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology
|February 1, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adding a mentalizing instruction to cognitive reappraisal did not improve emotion regulation performance. Instead, neuroimaging revealed competition between mentalizing and reappraisal processes, suggesting shared resources were overtaxed.

Keywords:
Emotion regulationFacilitationMentalizingReappraisalfMRI

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Cognitive reappraisal is a key emotion regulation strategy.
  • Mentalizing, or understanding others' mental states, is a related cognitive process.
  • The impact of mentalizing context on reappraisal effectiveness is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how a mentalizing instruction affects cognitive reappraisal.
  • To examine the neural mechanisms underlying the interaction between mentalizing and reappraisal.
  • To test the hypothesis that mentalizing facilitates reappraisal via shared neurocognitive resources.

Main Methods:

  • Participants reappraised negative images under conditions with and without a mentalizing instruction.
  • A within-subjects factorial design was employed.
  • fMRI (functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging) and self-report measures were used to assess neural activity and emotional experience.

Main Results:

  • Self-reported affect and difficulty during reappraisal were not significantly altered by the mentalizing instruction.
  • fMRI data revealed neural interactions between mentalizing and reappraisal.
  • Patterns of neural activity suggested that reappraisal processing dominated, potentially diminishing mentalizing processing.

Conclusions:

  • While mentalizing and reappraisal engage overlapping neurocognitive resources, this overlap may lead to competition rather than facilitation.
  • The findings challenge the assumption that mentalizing context inherently enhances cognitive reappraisal.
  • Further research is needed to explore the mechanisms of this interaction and its implications for therapeutic interventions.