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Related Concept Videos

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Neurons, the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, communicate through complex electrochemical signals that underpin all cognitive and bodily functions. This communication is primarily facilitated by a process involving the generation and propagation of an action potential along the axon of the neuron. When the internal electrical charge of a neuron surpasses a certain threshold, an action potential is triggered. This rapid change in voltage travels swiftly along the axon to the...
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Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
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Neural Circuits01:25

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Neural circuits and neuronal pools are two of the main structures found in the nervous system. Neural circuits are networks of neurons that work together to carry out a specific task or process. They consist of interconnected neurons and glial cells, which provide structural and metabolic support.
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Neurons as Communicators of the Brain01:22

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Neurons, the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, function as the primary transmitters of information throughout the body. Their ability to communicate through electrical and chemical signals is vital for every bodily function, from regulating the heartbeat to processing complex thoughts. Each neuron has three main components: the cell body (soma), dendrites, and an axon, each specialized to facilitate swift and efficient neural communication.
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Action Potential01:14

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Neurons communicate by firing action potentials—the electrochemical signal that is propagated along the axon. The signal results in the release of neurotransmitters at axon terminals, thereby transmitting information to the nervous system. An action potential is a specific "all-or-none" change in membrane potential that results in a rapid spike in voltage.
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The propagation of an action potential refers to the process by which a nerve impulse, or "action potential," travels along a neuron.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 5, 2025

Author Spotlight: Modular Neuronal Networks for Analyzing Brain Functions
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Dynamic primitives of brain network interaction.

Michael Schirner1, Xiaolu Kong2, B T Thomas Yeo3

  • 1Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany; Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany; Bernstein Focus State Dependencies of Learning and Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Berlin, Germany; Einstein Center for Neuroscience Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany; Einstein Center Digital Future, Wilhelmstraße 67, Berlin 10117, Germany.

Neuroimage
|February 1, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brain network models reveal that critical instabilities drive intermittent neural synchrony, explaining functional connectivity dynamics. Integrative models are needed to link these mechanisms across scales and cognitive functions.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Systems Neuroscience

Background:

  • Functional connectivity (FC) and functional connectivity dynamics (FCD) describe brain network patterns and dynamics.
  • FC(D) relates to synchronized brain activity, where coordinated oscillations lead to high signal correlations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explain the underlying dynamic processes of functional brain networks.
  • To review how synchronized oscillations emerge from coupled neural populations in brain network models (BNMs).

Main Methods:

  • Review of brain network models, from detailed spiking networks to abstract population models.
  • Analysis of how critical instabilities lead to multistable or metastable dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Strong evidence suggests the brain operates near critical instabilities.
  • These instabilities generate multistable/metastable dynamics, causing intermittent synchronized slow oscillations underlying FC(D).

Conclusions:

  • Integrative brain models are essential.
  • These models should connect mechanisms across descriptive levels and spatiotemporal scales.
  • Linking network dynamics to cognitive function is a key future direction.