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Related Concept Videos

Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Magnetism01:30

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Magnets are commonly found in everyday objects, such as toys, hangers, elevators, doorbells, and computer devices. Experimentation on these magnets shows that all magnets have two poles: one is labeled north (N) and the other south (S). Magnetic poles repel if they are alike and attract if unlike. Moreover, both poles of a magnet attract unmagnetized pieces of iron.
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Potential Due to a Magnetized Object01:24

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Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
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Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability01:31

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In linear magnetic materials, like paramagnets and diamagnets, magnetization is proportional to the magnetic field intensity. The constant of proportionality, a dimensionless number, is called magnetic susceptibility. The value of the susceptibility depends on the type of material.
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Eddy Currents01:25

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Since eddy currents occur only in conductors, magnets can separate metals from other materials. For example, in a recycling center, trash is dumped in batches down a ramp, beneath which lies a powerful magnet. Conductors in the trash are slowed by eddy currents, while nonmetals in the trash move on, separating from the metals. This works for all metals, not just ferromagnetic ones.
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Magnetic Force01:18

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In addition to the electric forces between electric charges, moving electric charges exert magnetic forces on each other. A magnetic field is created by a moving charge or a group of moving charges known as the electric current. A magnetic force is experienced by a second current or moving charge in response to this magnetic field. Fundamentally, interactions between moving electrons in the atoms of two bodies produce magnetic forces between them.
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Rod-based Fabrication of Customizable Soft Robotic Pneumatic Gripper Devices for Delicate Tissue Manipulation
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Magnetic Soft Materials and Robots.

Yoonho Kim1, Xuanhe Zhao1,2

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.

Chemical Reviews
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Magnetic soft robots offer tether-free actuation using external stimuli. This review details their design, fabrication, control, and biomedical applications, highlighting future development needs.

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Area of Science:

  • Robotics and Materials Science
  • Soft Robotics
  • Magnetic Actuation

Background:

  • Soft robots, distinct from rigid robots, utilize mechanical compliance.
  • Emerging soft robots exhibit tether-free actuation via stimuli-responsive materials.
  • Magnetic soft materials show significant progress for advanced robotic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in magnetic soft materials and robots.
  • To discuss design, fabrication, modeling, simulation, actuation, and control.
  • To provide design guidelines and explore biomedical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of magnetic soft materials and robots.
  • Analysis of design principles, fabrication techniques, and control mechanisms.
  • Discussion of modeling, simulation, and actuation performance.

Main Results:

  • Magnetic soft robots demonstrate unique advantages and potential in various applications.
  • Significant progress in design and fabrication of magnetic soft materials.
  • Established design guidelines for optimizing magnetic soft material actuation.

Conclusions:

  • The field of magnetic soft robots is rapidly advancing but requires further development.
  • Understanding magnetic actuation principles and material properties is crucial.
  • Magnetic soft robots hold promise for future biomedical applications.