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Field-effect transistors (FETs) are integral to electronic circuits and distinguished by their three-terminal setup: the gate, drain, and source. These transistors operate as unipolar devices, which utilize either electrons or holes as charge carriers, in contrast to bipolar transistors, which use both types of carriers. The primary function of the FET is to modulate the flow of these carriers from the source to the drain through a channel. The voltage difference between the gate and source...

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Updated: Oct 4, 2025

Development and Functionalization of Electrolyte-Gated Graphene Field-Effect Transistor for Biomarker Detection

Development and Functionalization of Electrolyte-Gated Graphene Field-Effect Transistor for Biomarker Detection

Published on: February 1, 2022

Positron charge sensing using a double-gated graphene field effect transistor.

Paz Or¹, T R Devidas¹, Takashi Taniguchi²

¹The Racah Institute of Physics, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.

The Review of Scientific Instruments

|February 2, 2022

Summary

This study uses a graphene transistor to detect charge from positron annihilation. This demonstrates two-dimensional materials

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Area of Science:

Condensed Matter Physics
Materials Science
Particle Physics

Background:

Positron annihilation in solids creates detectable charge.
Graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs) are sensitive electronic probes.
Understanding charge dynamics is crucial for materials characterization.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel method for measuring charge accumulation from positron annihilation.
To quantify the charge buildup using a graphene-based device.
To assess the sensitivity of two-dimensional materials for detecting positron charging dynamics.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a double-gated GFET with hexagonal boron nitride encapsulation.
Utilizing a ²²Na positron source for controlled annihilation in the GFET's back-gate.
Measuring the shift in the top-gate Dirac peak to quantify accumulated charge.

Main Results:

Successfully detected and quantified positive charge accumulated from positron annihilation.
Achieved a high sensitivity of approximately 1.2 fA/Hz for positron current detection.
Demonstrated a measurable voltage buildup capacitively coupled to the graphene device.

Conclusions:

Graphene field-effect transistors are effective probes for positron charging dynamics.
Two-dimensional layered materials offer a promising platform for studying charge accumulation in solids.
The developed technique provides quantitative insights into positron interactions within materials.