The scientific potential and technological challenges of the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider program

Area of Science:

• High-energy particle physics
• Collider physics
• Experimental particle physics

Background:

• The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is currently the world's most powerful particle accelerator.
• Future upgrades are necessary to maintain its leading role in scientific discovery.
• The High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) program aims to significantly enhance the LHC's capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide an overview of the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) program.
• To outline the scientific potential and technological challenges of the HL-LHC.
• To detail the necessary upgrades for the accelerator and its detectors (ATLAS and CMS).

Main Methods:

• The HL-LHC program requires upgrades to the injector system, accelerator complex, and luminosity levelling.
• Experiments ATLAS and CMS need substantial system upgrades to handle increased interaction rates and radiation.
• Key upgrades include new tracking systems, advanced calorimeter endcaps, and picosecond precision timing detectors.

Main Results:

• The HL-LHC will deliver an order of magnitude greater integrated luminosity at 14 TeV.
• Detector upgrades will enable experiments to cope with higher interaction rates and radiation levels.
• New technologies, such as tilted pixel modules and advanced outer trackers, are being implemented.

Conclusions:

• The HL-LHC program will significantly enhance the physics performance of the ATLAS and CMS experiments.
• It will address computing challenges posed by large datasets.
• The program will focus on precision measurements of the Standard Model, Higgs boson characterization, and searches for new physics beyond the Standard Model.