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Hypoplastic coronary artery disease and hypertension in a child: a case report

Yuji Doi1, Kenji Waki1, Kayo Ogino1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Kurashiki Central Hospital, 1-1-1 Miwa Kurashiki-City, Okayama 710-8602, Japan.

European Heart Journal. Case Reports
|February 2, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Hypoplastic coronary artery disease (HCAD) is a rare condition that can lead to heart failure and sudden cardiac death in children. Early recognition and monitoring are crucial for managing this serious pediatric heart condition.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Rare Diseases
  • Congenital Heart Abnormalities

Background:

  • Hypoplastic coronary artery disease (HCAD) is an extremely rare condition.
  • It is associated with a significant risk of sudden cardiac death.
  • HCAD is seldom diagnosed in living pediatric patients.

Observation:

  • A case of HCAD is presented in an infant initially showing symptoms of heart failure (vomiting, poor feeding).
  • Hypertension and ischemic changes were noted later via ECG and scintigraphy.
  • Diagnosis of HCAD was confirmed by angiography at 8 years of age.

Findings:

  • HCAD can manifest as heart failure in infancy, not just ischemia.
  • The condition requires long-term management including medication and exercise restriction.
  • ECG and scintigraphy can reveal ischemia after initial cardiac recovery.

Implications:

  • HCAD should be considered in pediatric patients presenting with heart failure.
  • Mid-term follow-up is essential to detect ischemic signs in these patients.
  • Early diagnosis and management of HCAD can prevent severe outcomes like sudden cardiac death.
Abstract

Keywords:
Acute myocarditisCase reportCoronary artery diseaseHypoplastic coronary artery diseaseMyocardial ischaemia

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