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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...

Catalysis

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.

Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 4, 2025

Hydrogen Production and Utilization in a Membrane Reactor

Hydrogen Production and Utilization in a Membrane Reactor

Published on: March 10, 2023

Natural Wood-Based Catalytic Membrane Microreactors for Continuous Hydrogen Generation.

Kunkun Tu^1,2, Simon Büchele³, Sharon Mitchell³

¹Wood Materials Science, Institute for Building Materials, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|February 2, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces continuous hydrogen generation using wood-based microreactors and ammonia borane. This scalable, flow-through catalytic system offers controlled hydrogen release for clean energy applications.

Keywords:

flow reactor hydrogen generation metal−organic framework structured catalysts wood

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A Simple, Low-cost, and Robust System to Measure the Volume of Hydrogen Evolved by Chemical Reactions with Aqueous Solutions

A Simple, Low-cost, and Robust System to Measure the Volume of Hydrogen Evolved by Chemical Reactions with Aqueous Solutions

Published on: August 17, 2016

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Chemical Engineering
Renewable Energy

Background:

Controlled hydrogen generation is crucial for integrating renewable energy sources.
Existing batch-mode processes for hydrogen production face challenges in control, reusability, and scalability.
Solid-state storage chemicals like ammonia borane offer a promising route for hydrogen storage.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a continuous, controllable, and scalable platform for hydrogen generation from ammonia borane.
To utilize wood-based microreactors with inherent microchannels for catalytic applications.
To create structured catalysts with enhanced performance for hydrogen production.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of flow-through wood-based catalytic microreactors.
Impregnation of silver-promoted palladium nanoparticles onto metal-organic framework (MOF)-coated wood.
Testing catalytic performance in continuous mode with varying ammonia borane flow rates and wood species.

Main Results:

Achieved highly controllable hydrogen production in a continuous flow system.
Reached stable productivities up to 10.4 cm³ H₂ min⁻¹ cm_cat⁻³.
Demonstrated the scalability and modularity of the wood-based catalytic microreactor design.

Conclusions:

The developed wood-based catalytic microreactors provide a sustainable and scalable platform for continuous hydrogen generation.
The approach is versatile and applicable to other metal and MOF combinations for catalytic dehydrogenations.
This technology holds potential for applications in the energy-water nexus and the broader clean energy sector.