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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

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Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the...
1.2K
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

1.1K
Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
1.1K
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

1.0K
In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
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NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

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1.7K
The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
1.7K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

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1.2K
NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of...
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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Computing
  • Solid-State Physics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Electron spin qubits in silicon quantum dots are a promising platform for quantum computation.
  • Controlling spin qubits typically requires complex on-chip micromagnets or striplines.
  • Spin-orbit effects offer an alternative, potentially simpler control mechanism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a singlet-triplet qubit operating mode utilizing spin-orbit effects for fast, electrical control.
  • To investigate the feasibility of high-frequency qubit evolution ( > 200 MHz).
  • To probe charge noise in silicon double quantum dots using dynamical decoupling.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of a singlet-triplet qubit operating mode in a silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor double quantum dot.
  • Utilizing spin-orbit interactions for electrical qubit control.
  • Performing dynamical decoupling experiments to characterize charge noise.

Main Results:

  • Achieved qubit evolution frequencies exceeding 200 MHz with fast electrical on/off switching.
  • Demonstrated high logic gate orthogonality and long qubit dephasing times.
  • Characterized the charge noise power spectral density up to 3 MHz, revealing a 1/f^α dependence (α ≈ 0.7).

Conclusions:

  • Spin-orbit effects provide an effective method for fast, electrical control of silicon spin qubits, simplifying device architecture.
  • The demonstrated qubit mode is suitable for high-fidelity quantum operations and noise spectroscopy.
  • The study provides valuable insights into the charge noise environment affecting silicon quantum dots.