Classification and quantification of double superior vena cava evaluated by computed tomography imaging

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Imaging
• Anatomical Variations
• Thoracic Radiology

Background:

• Double superior vena cava (DSVC) is a congenital anomaly that can complicate cardiovascular procedures.
• Quantitative data on the morphological features of DSVC have been lacking.
• Computed tomography (CT) is crucial for diagnosing and characterizing vascular anomalies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To establish a classification system for DSVC based on anatomical features.
• To quantitatively describe the morphological characteristics of different DSVC types.
• To provide data that can help minimize risks associated with cardiovascular procedures.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective analysis of CT images from 128 patients with DSVC.
• Development of a classification system based on the left brachiocephalic vein (LBCV), anastomotic vein, and LSVC drainage.
• Measurement of bilateral SVC and coronary sinus dimensions across the four established types.

Main Results:

• A four-type classification system for DSVC was established, with Type I being the most common (51.6%).
• The left superior vena cava (LSVC) was consistently longer than the right SVC (RSVC).
• Significant differences in LSVC diameter and coronary sinus diameter were observed among the types, correlating with LBCV presence and drainage patterns.

Conclusions:

• CT provides satisfactory depiction of DSVC anatomical features.
• Quantitative measurements of DSVC variations are valuable for clinical practice.
• Radiological characterization of DSVC can aid in planning and executing cardiovascular procedures more safely.