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A Multi-Modal Approach to Assessing Recovery in Youth Athletes Following Concussion
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Lower Extremity Injury After Return to Sports From Concussion: A Systematic Review.

Toufic R Jildeh1, Joshua P Castle1, Patrick J Buckley1

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA.

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine
|February 3, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Athletes diagnosed with a concussion face a higher risk of lower extremity (LE) injuries within 90 days and one year. Professional and collegiate athletes are particularly at risk, with multiple concussions increasing injury likelihood.

Keywords:
concussionlower extremity injuryreturn to sport

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Orthopedics
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Recent research indicates a potential link between concussion diagnosis and increased lower extremity (LE) musculoskeletal injuries.
  • However, existing studies show considerable variation in findings regarding this association.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the literature and determine if a concussion elevates the risk of LE injuries.
  • To identify specific athlete populations with a heightened risk of LE injuries post-concussion.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature review was conducted using MEDLINE and PubMed.
  • Included studies were original research articles in English examining LE injury rates after concussion in athletes.
  • Keywords: concussion, athlete, lower extremity injury, return to sport.

Main Results:

  • 13 studies with 4349 athletes were analyzed; 88.1% male, 11.9% female, mean age 19.8.
  • An increased risk of LE injury was observed within 90 days (OR, 3.44) and 1 year (OR, 1.85) post-concussion.
  • Professional and collegiate athletes showed higher risk (ORs 2.49 and 2.00, respectively) compared to high school athletes (OR, 0.97). Risk increased with multiple concussions (≥2 OR, 2.29; ≥3 OR, 2.86).

Conclusions:

  • Concussion diagnosis is associated with increased LE injury incidence at 90 days and 1 year.
  • Higher competition levels (collegiate, professional) increase the risk of subsequent LE injuries after concussion.
  • Identified at-risk athletes may benefit from targeted injury prevention strategies post-concussion.