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Related Concept Videos

Tooth Anatomy01:21

Tooth Anatomy

1.2K
The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or...
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Teeth01:15

Teeth

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The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 4, 2025

Development of Amelogenin-chitosan Hydrogel for In Vitro Enamel Regrowth with a Dense Interface
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Multiscale engineered artificial tooth enamel.

Hewei Zhao1, Shaojia Liu1, Yan Wei2

  • 1School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 3, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers created a biomimetic material mimicking tooth enamel's structure. This new nanocomposite, using coated hydroxyapatite nanowires and polyvinyl alcohol, surpasses natural enamel's mechanical properties for advanced material applications.

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Establishing Organoids from Human Tooth as a Powerful Tool Toward Mechanistic Research and Regenerative Therapy
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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Materials Engineering
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Tooth enamel exhibits exceptional stiffness, hardness, and viscoelasticity.
  • Replicating enamel's complex hierarchical structure in synthetic materials is difficult.
  • Developing scalable, high-performance biomimetic composites remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer a novel biomimetic material inspired by tooth enamel's hierarchical structure.
  • To achieve superior mechanical properties in a scalable abiological composite.
  • To investigate the role of specific structural components in enhancing material performance.

Main Methods:

  • Assembly of amorphous intergranular phase (AIP)-coated hydroxyapatite nanowires.
  • Intertwining nanowires with polyvinyl alcohol to create a nanocomposite.
  • Characterization of the multiscale hierarchical structure and mechanical properties.

Main Results:

  • The engineered nanocomposite demonstrated high stiffness, hardness, strength, viscoelasticity, and toughness.
  • Achieved mechanical properties exceeded those of natural tooth enamel.
  • Performance was superior to previously developed bulk enamel-inspired materials.
  • Identified amorphous intergranular phase, polymer confinement, and strong interfacial adhesion as critical for high performance.

Conclusions:

  • A scalable method for producing high-performance biomimetic materials was developed.
  • The multiscale hierarchical design successfully replicated key features of tooth enamel.
  • The engineered material offers a promising alternative for applications requiring superior mechanical characteristics.