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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 4, 2025

Non-invasive Assessment of Microvascular and Endothelial Function
05:41

Non-invasive Assessment of Microvascular and Endothelial Function

Published on: January 29, 2013

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New Noninvasive Methods to Evaluate Microvascular Structure and Function.

Damiano Rizzoni1,2, Alessandro Mengozzi3,4, Stefano Masi3,5

  • 1Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy (D.R., C.A., C.D.C.).

Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)
|February 4, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microvascular structural and functional changes are common in aging and cardiometabolic diseases. While micromyography is a gold standard, noninvasive methods are emerging for assessing microvascular health.

Keywords:
adaptive opticsarteriesendothelial functionhypertensionretina

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Medical Imaging
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Microvascular alterations (increased media-to-lumen ratio, endothelial dysfunction) occur in aging and cardiometabolic diseases like hypertension, diabetes, and obesity.
  • These changes in small resistance arteries impact overall cardiovascular health.
  • Traditional assessment relies on invasive methods like micromyography.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current methods for evaluating microvascular structure and function.
  • To discuss the emergence and potential of noninvasive techniques.
  • To highlight the need for prognostic validation of new methods.

Main Methods:

  • Micromyography: Gold standard for ex vivo assessment of media-to-lumen ratio (MLR) or wall-to-lumen ratio (WLR) in small resistance arteries.
  • Strain-gauge venous plethysmography: Reference technique for in vivo microcirculatory endothelial function.
  • Noninvasive methods: Scanning laser Doppler flowmetry, adaptive optics (retinal arterioles), tonometry, laser Doppler flowmetry, intravital microscopy (various tissues).

Main Results:

  • Micromyography provides reliable ex vivo structural and functional data.
  • Noninvasive techniques are expanding microvasculature evaluation to broader patient populations.
  • Current noninvasive methods lack robust evidence of prognostic value, limiting clinical adoption.

Conclusions:

  • Noninvasive assessment of microvascular structure and function holds promise for clinical application.
  • Further research is needed to establish the prognostic significance of these emerging techniques.
  • Bridging the gap between research and clinical practice is crucial for widespread adoption.