Relationship between onset age of type 2 diabetes mellitus and vascular complications based on propensity score...

To assess the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus onset age and vascular complications in China.

A retrospective review of 3,568 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using a propensity score-matched (PSM) cohort analysis was carried out in two different age of onset groups (age 40 and 60 years). These groups were then subdivided into two groups, early-onset diabetes (EOD40 and EOD60; the onset age before 40 and 60 years, respectively) and late-onset diabetes (LOD40 and LOD60: the onset age after 40 and 60 years, respectively). Macrovascular and microvascular complications were analyzed before and after PSM.

Patients categorized in both the early-onset disease (EOD) groups had a higher risk of developing macro- and microvascular complications before PSM. After PSM, no differences existed between the EOD and late-onset disease groups in the risk of macrovascular complications. Compared with the late-onset disease group, the odds ratio of having a microvascular complication of diabetic retinopathy, chronic kidney disease and diabetic peripheral neuropathy in the 40-year-old EOD group increased to 2.906, 1.967 and 1.672 (P < 0.05), respectively. The odds ratio of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic peripheral neuropathy in the 60-year-old EOD group was 1.763 and 1.675 (P < 0.05), respectively.

The earlier the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus, the higher risk of microvascular, but not necessarily macrovascular, complications. It is not too late to prevent diabetes at any age. Pre-emptive microvascular treatment or preventative measures in EOD patients who do not yet show symptoms, might be beneficial.