Recent trends in therapeutic application of engineered blood purification materials for kidney disease

Blood purification is a commonly used method to remove excess metabolic waste in the blood in renal replacement therapy. The sufficient removal of these toxins from blood can reduce complications and improve survival lifetime in dialysis patients. However, the current biological blood purification materials in clinical practice are not ideal, where there is an unmet need for producing novel materials that have better biocompatibility, reduced toxicity, and, in particular, more efficient toxin clearance rates and a lower cost of production. Given this, this review has carefully summarized newly developed engineered different structural biomedical materials for blood purification in terms of types and structure characteristics of blood purification materials, the production process, as well as interfacial chemical adsorption properties or mechanisms. This study may provide a valuable reference for fabricating a user-friendly purification device that is more suitable for clinical blood purification applications in dialysis patients.