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Updated: Oct 4, 2025
Laparoscopic Choledochal Cyst Excision and Roux-en-Y Choledochojejunostomy in Adults
Published on: February 28, 2025
Elective Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy as an Entrustable Professional Activity (EPA) for General Surgical Trainees in
King Tung Cheung1, Vinna An2, James C Sorensen3
1Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Box Hill Hospital, Victoria, Australia; Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
Introduction:
To evaluate the operation time and surgical outcomes of elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed by surgical trainees at different levels of training at Eastern health and hence, to establish the efficacy and safety of elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy as an Entrustable Professional Activity for surgical trainees in general surgery.
Objective:
Elective laparoscopic cholecystectomies performed at our institution between January 2018 and January 2019 were included. Analyses were divided among three groups - consultants (C), fellows (F) and registrars (R). Standard technique with critical view of safety was used.
Results:
A total of 592 patients was included, with a mean age of 54 ± 63 years old. The average operation time was 84 ± 51 minutes. Surgical education and training (SET) 2 trainees took significantly longer when compared to their SET3 and above counterparts as a primary operator (SET2: 131 ± 32 min, Reference; SET3: 78 ± 21 min, p = 0.003; SET4: 80 ± 33 min, p = 0.004; SET5: 77 ± 28 min, p = 0.003; F: 93 ± 77 min, p = 0.036; C: 85 ± 59 min; p = 0.007). Consultant primary operators took an average of 15 minutes longer to complete the operation when assisted by a SET trainee compared to the non-SET registrars (p = 0.03). The overall complication rate was 3.2% and was not significantly different among all three groups (p = 0.17). No death was recorded during the study period. The readmission and return to theatre rates were 7.8% and 0.8% respectively and were not significantly different among the groups (p-values = 0.61 and 0.69). All conversion to open were performed by the consultant primary operator.
Conclusions:
Elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be safely performed by surgical trainees at all SET levels when under appropriate supervision, although junior surgical trainees that is SET 2 took longer to complete the procedure. This operation seems to have a steep, but relatively short, learning curve and it may be broken down into various components. These components, with the addition of time, may be suitable as an Entrustable Professional Activity tool for assessing the competency of early SET trainees.
