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Published on: February 22, 2018
Age-related differences in depressive symptoms and coping strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan: A
Yuko Fukase1, Kanako Ichikura1, Hanako Murase1
1Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2520373, Japan.
Objective:
The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has particularly influenced the mental health of younger adults; accordingly, this study investigated age-related factors related to mental health and provided suggestions related to mental health recovery.
Methods:
A web-based longitudinal survey was conducted from 2020 to 2021 in Japan. The survey consisted of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), used to measure depressive symptoms as a response variable, and an anger questionnaire and coping strategy scale to assess explanatory variables.
Results:
A total of 1468 participants were analyzed (valid response rate = 54.2%); 368 were younger adults (age range = 20-39), 667 were middle-aged adults (age range = 40-64), and 433 were aged adults (age range = 65-79). The PHQ-9 scores in the younger adults worsened over the three survey timepoints. State anger was strongly related to PHQ-9 scores in all age groups (standardized beta = 0.39-0.47), and state anger in the younger group was highest at all survey times, In the younger group, only nonadaptive coping strategies were related to PHQ-9 scores. Emotional support, venting, and humor adaptive strategies used by middle-aged and aged adults were most commonly used by younger adults; however, there were no significant relationships of these strategies with PHQ-9 scores in the younger group.
Conclusion:
The level of depressive symptoms among the younger adults might be considerably worse than the middle-aged and aged adult. The younger adults might not make use of strategies, hence, they might need advice and skill training of strategies.
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