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Related Concept Videos

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Blood transfusion is a therapeutic measure to restore the blood volume after extensive blood loss due to an accident or a medical procedure. Blood transfusion involves drawing a certain amount of blood from a suitable donor and infusing it into the recipient.
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Related Experiment Video

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A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks
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Transfusion-transmitted hepatitis E: What we know so far?

Carmen Ka Man Cheung1, Sunny Hei Wong2, Alvin Wing Hin Law3

  • 1Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong 852, China.

World Journal of Gastroenterology
|February 7, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transfusion-transmitted Hepatitis E virus (HEV) poses a global health risk, especially for immunocompromised individuals. Current treatments are limited, highlighting the need for further research into screening and novel therapies.

Keywords:
Acute and chronic hepatitisBlood transfusionHepatitis E virusImmunosuppressionTransplantation

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Transfusion Medicine
  • Virology

Background:

  • Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a significant cause of viral hepatitis worldwide.
  • Transfusion-transmitted HEV (TT-HEV) is an emerging global health concern.
  • HEV infection can lead to chronic disease, liver cirrhosis, and mortality in immunocompromised patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of transfusion-transmitted HEV (TT-HEV).
  • To discuss the prevalence of HEV viremia and seropositivity in blood donors.
  • To explore treatment options and the ongoing debate surrounding universal HEV screening in blood donations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on HEV prevalence, transmission, and treatment.
  • Analysis of data on HEV viremia and seropositivity in asymptomatic blood donors.
  • Evaluation of current and potential therapeutic strategies for HEV infection.

Main Results:

  • HEV viremia ranges from 0.0013% to 0.281% in global blood donors; anti-HEV IgG prevalence varies from 0.27% to 60.5%.
  • HEV remains infectious at very low viral loads.
  • Ribavirin and pegylated interferon are treatment options, but sustained viral response is challenging; Sofosbuvir shows limited efficacy, leaving a need for rescue treatments.

Conclusions:

  • The risk of TT-HEV necessitates ongoing evaluation and potential interventions.
  • Management of chronic HEV in immunosuppressed patients may involve reducing immunosuppression and considering antiviral therapy.
  • The necessity of universal HEV screening for blood donations remains controversial, with some countries implementing it based on risk assessment and resource availability. Pathogen reduction techniques are also being explored.