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Temporal changes in transcripts of miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements during rice endosperm development.

Hiroki Nagata1, Akemi Ono1, Kaoru Tonosaki1,2

  • 1Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, 641-12 Maioka, Totsuka, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 244-0813, Japan.

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|February 7, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transposable elements (TEs) in rice are dynamically regulated during endosperm development. This study reveals specific transcription patterns and regulatory motifs, highlighting active genome dynamics in plant reproduction.

Keywords:
CCAAT motifMITEOryza sativaendospermtransposable element

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Plant Science

Background:

  • DNA methylation represses transposable element (TE) transcription to maintain genome integrity.
  • TEs can escape host defenses and reactivate transcription.
  • DNA demethylases target TE sequences in rice and Arabidopsis female gametophytes, with genome-wide demethylation occurring in the endosperm post-fertilization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To survey transcripts generated from TEs during rice endosperm development.
  • To compare TE transcript expression in the endosperm with the embryo.
  • To identify regulatory mechanisms controlling TE activity in the endosperm.

Main Methods:

  • Custom microarray analysis of TE transcripts during rice endosperm development.
  • Comparative analysis of TE expression in embryo tissues.
  • Bioinformatic analysis to identify transcription factor binding motifs near TEs.

Main Results:

  • TE transcript expression exhibits dynamic up- and downregulation throughout rice endosperm development.
  • Miniature inverted-repeat TEs (MITEs) show particularly dynamic expression patterns.
  • Some TE transcripts are directionally controlled, unlike other DNA transposons and retrotransposons.
  • The NUCLEAR FACTOR Y binding motif (CCAAT) was identified near the 5' terminal inverted repeat of a transcribed MITE (Youren).

Conclusions:

  • Transposable element activity is highly dynamic during rice endosperm development.
  • Specific TEs, particularly MITEs, are subject to complex transcriptional regulation.
  • The discovery of the NF-Y binding motif suggests potential regulatory pathways for TE control in the endosperm.