Hyperhomocysteinemia and cardiovascular diseases

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Cardiovascular Medicine
• Metabolic Disorders

Background:

• Homocysteine (Hcy) is an amino acid metabolite, not diet-derived, with normal plasma levels between 5-15 μmol/L.
• Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is defined by elevated Hcy levels (>15 μmol/L), categorized as slight, moderate, or severe (>100 μmol/L).
• HHcy is independently associated with inflammation and atherosclerosis, key contributors to cardiovascular diseases (CVD).

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the primary evidence linking hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) to cardiovascular diseases (CVD).
• To explore the potential mechanisms by which HHcy contributes to the development of common CVD.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of existing studies on homocysteine and cardiovascular disease.
• Analysis of evidence associating HHcy levels with various cardiovascular conditions.
• Synthesis of data on the role of HHcy in inflammation and atherosclerosis.

Main Results:

• Significant association found between elevated homocysteine levels and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases.
• Evidence suggests HHcy promotes inflammation and atherosclerosis, contributing to CVD pathogenesis.
• Specific CVDs reviewed include coronary artery disease, stroke, and venous thromboembolism.

Conclusions:

• Hyperhomocysteinemia is a significant independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases.
• Understanding the link between HHcy, inflammation, and atherosclerosis is crucial for CVD prevention.
• Further research into therapeutic strategies targeting HHcy may reduce CVD burden.