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Hyperhomocysteinemia and cardiovascular diseases.

Régis Guieu1, Jean Ruf2, Giovanna Mottola1

  • 1C2VN (AMU - Inserm1263 - Inrae 1260), Aix-Marseille Université - Campus Santé Timone - Faculté de Pharmacie, Marseille, France, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Hôpital de La Timone, Marseille, France.

Annales De Biologie Clinique
|February 7, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Elevated homocysteine (HHcy) levels are linked to inflammation and atherosclerosis, acting as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This review examines the evidence connecting HHcy to common CVD.

Keywords:
cardiovascularhomocysteinehyperhomocysteinemia

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • Homocysteine (Hcy) is an amino acid metabolite, not diet-derived, with normal plasma levels between 5-15 μmol/L.
  • Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is defined by elevated Hcy levels (>15 μmol/L), categorized as slight, moderate, or severe (>100 μmol/L).
  • HHcy is independently associated with inflammation and atherosclerosis, key contributors to cardiovascular diseases (CVD).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the primary evidence linking hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) to cardiovascular diseases (CVD).
  • To explore the potential mechanisms by which HHcy contributes to the development of common CVD.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on homocysteine and cardiovascular disease.
  • Analysis of evidence associating HHcy levels with various cardiovascular conditions.
  • Synthesis of data on the role of HHcy in inflammation and atherosclerosis.

Main Results:

  • Significant association found between elevated homocysteine levels and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases.
  • Evidence suggests HHcy promotes inflammation and atherosclerosis, contributing to CVD pathogenesis.
  • Specific CVDs reviewed include coronary artery disease, stroke, and venous thromboembolism.

Conclusions:

  • Hyperhomocysteinemia is a significant independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases.
  • Understanding the link between HHcy, inflammation, and atherosclerosis is crucial for CVD prevention.
  • Further research into therapeutic strategies targeting HHcy may reduce CVD burden.