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Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
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Essential proteins such as insulin or low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and micronutrients such as iron enter a eukaryotic cell through receptor-mediated endocytosis. Subsequently, the early endosomes fuse with the vesicles containing such receptor-ligand complexes and play a vital role in sorting the incoming ligands and receptors. While the ligands are either degraded inside the vesicle or released into the cytosol, their receptors are returned to the plasma membrane for further rounds of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 4, 2025

Quantitating Iron Transport Across the Mouse Placenta In Vivo Using Nonradioactive Iron Isotopes
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Can serum ferritin predict thyroid performance in the first trimester?

Roaa Mokram Hamed1, Wassan Nori2, Zina Abdullah Hussein3

  • 1The National Center of Hematology, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq.

JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association
|February 7, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study established first-trimester thyroid hormone reference values for Iraqi pregnant women and found correlations between iron deficiency anaemia and thyroid function. Early screening for ferritin and thyroid-stimulating hormone is recommended to prevent adverse outcomes.

Keywords:
Iron deficiency anemia, Thyroid hormone, Ferritin, First trimester.(LT4).

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Thyroid hormones and iron are crucial for fetal development.
  • Iron deficiency anaemia and thyroid dysfunction are common in pregnancy.
  • Establishing population-specific reference values is essential for accurate diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine reference values for thyroid hormones (Triiodothyronine, Thyroxine, Thyroid-stimulating hormone) in the first trimester of pregnancy in Iraq.
  • To investigate the correlation between iron deficiency anaemia markers (hemoglobin, serum ferritin) and thyroid hormones.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 74 pregnant women in their first trimester (<13 weeks gestation).
  • Blood samples were analyzed for iron indices (hemoglobin, serum ferritin) and thyroid function tests (Triiodothyronine, Thyroxine, Thyroid-stimulating hormone).
  • Statistical analysis, including Mallow's coefficient of correlation, was used to assess associations.

Main Results:

  • Reference values were established for TSH (1.79±2.05 pmol/l), T4 (4.59±3.35 pmol/l), and T3 (191±62.1 ng/dl).
  • An inverse correlation was observed between TSH and serum hemoglobin.
  • Positive correlations were found between T3 and T4 with serum hemoglobin and ferritin, with Thyroxine showing the strongest association with hemoglobin. Significant correlations were noted between serum ferritin and thyroid markers.

Conclusions:

  • First-trimester screening for ferritin and hemoglobin can identify depleted iron stores.
  • Thyroid-stimulating hormone screening is recommended due to its association with anemia, potentially indicating hidden thyroid disease.
  • Early diagnosis and management of iron and thyroid deficiencies in early pregnancy are vital for maternal and fetal well-being.