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Mechanistic insights of CRISPR/Cas nucleases for programmable targeting and early-stage diagnosis: A review

Jean de Dieu Habimana1, Rongqi Huang1, Bertrand Muhoza2

  • 1Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China.

Biosensors & Bioelectronics
|February 8, 2022
PubMed

Insights

CRISPR-based diagnostics offer a cost-effective, highly sensitive alternative to traditional methods. This review explores CRISPR/Cas systems

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biotechnology
  • Diagnostic Technologies

Background:

  • Conventional diagnostics like PCR and serology have limitations in sensitivity, cost, and workflow.
  • CRISPR/Cas systems, naturally occurring bacterial defense mechanisms, have been repurposed for in vitro diagnostics.
  • CRISPR-based diagnostics (CRISPR-Dx) offer potential advantages over existing methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the advancements in CRISPR/Cas systems for diagnostic applications.
  • To focus on the customization and application of CRISPR/Cas systems for various signal detections.
  • To discuss challenges and strategies for translating CRISPR-Dx from research to commercialization.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on CRISPR/Cas systems and their diagnostic applications.
  • Focus on leading and trending CRISPR/Cas systems for fluorescence, colorimetric, and electrical detection.
  • Analysis of signal amplification strategies, including engineered crRNAs, reporters, nanoparticles, and microfluidics.

Main Results:

  • CRISPR-Dx exhibits high sensitivity (attomolar), specificity (single base distinction), and cost-effectiveness.
  • CRISPR/Cas systems have demonstrated impact in areas like COVID-19 diagnostics and contamination prevention.
  • Advancements in signal amplification and integration with technologies like smartphones enhance CRISPR-Dx capabilities.

Conclusions:

  • CRISPR/Cas systems represent a transformative technology for next-generation diagnostics.
  • Addressing challenges in customization, signal detection, and commercialization is crucial for widespread adoption.
  • Further research and development are needed to fully harness the potential of CRISPR-Dx for end-user solutions.
Keywords:
Artificial genetic circuitsCOVID-19CRISPR/Cas systemsCarryover contaminationEngineered crRNAMicrofluidicsNanoparticlesSmartphone

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