Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Socioemotional Development during Infancy01:30

Socioemotional Development during Infancy

180
Socio-emotional development in infancy is primarily shaped by early emotional responses and social connections, with temperament playing a central role. Temperament refers to the consistent patterns in an individual's emotional and behavioral responses, observable even in infancy. By examining temperament, researchers can better understand an infant's unique ways of interacting with the world, influencing subsequent personality and socio-emotional growth.
Primary Temperament Types
180
Socioemotional Experience and Gender Development01:30

Socioemotional Experience and Gender Development

100
Social-emotional experiences and cultural influences play significant roles in shaping gender development. During middle childhood, from ages 6 to 11, peer groups become dominant in reinforcing gender norms. Children in this age group often align with same-gender peer groups, which actively encourage behaviors that conform to traditional gender roles. For instance, boys may be discouraged from engaging in activities perceived as feminine, reinforcing culturally dictated norms about masculinity...
100
Cognitive Development During Adolescence01:18

Cognitive Development During Adolescence

159
During adolescence, individuals experience significant cognitive development that enhances their understanding of others' emotions and thoughts, known as cognitive empathy. This period is marked by an increased ability to adapt to others' perspectives and a more nuanced understanding of others' mental states, a skill that is foundational for social problem-solving and conflict avoidance. The development of cognitive empathy relies heavily on the theory of mind — the...
159
Relationship with Other Adult Family Members and Siblings01:29

Relationship with Other Adult Family Members and Siblings

17
Other adult family members and siblings play a crucial role in shaping children’s social and emotional development. While parents or primary caregivers are often the central figures in early attachment and socialization, other adults in a child’s life, such as grandparents, aunts, and uncles, can significantly influence developmental outcomes. These influences depend on each adult’s personality and may help compensate when a primary caregiver is emotionally distant or...
17
Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

462
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
462
Relationship with Parents: Attachment01:28

Relationship with Parents: Attachment

16
Parent-child interactions lay the foundation for how we understand relationships throughout life. These interactions are not uniform across families; instead, they are shaped by a range of environmental, emotional, and behavioral factors unique to each caregiver-child dynamic. Social psychologists study these early relationships to understand how patterns formed in infancy influence social functioning and interpersonal behavior in adulthood.Attachment Theory and Early Relational ModelsJohn...
16

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Robust but independent sex differences in human brain function, structure, and behavior.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Chloroquine-induced exosomal hybrid liposomes enable neutralization of endotoxins and exotoxins.

International journal of pharmaceutics·2026
Same author

Functional Connectivity During Social Reward Processing in Autistic and Neurotypical Adolescents.

Brain and behavior·2026
Same author

Altered white matter connectivity is linked to language abilities in children with autism spectrum disorder: An automated fiber quantification study.

Frontiers in psychiatry·2026
Same author

Brain morphometry of toddlers with language delay: An exploratory study.

Infant and child development·2025
Same author

Brain bases of real-time social interaction: A meta-analytic investigation of human neuroimaging studies.

Aperture neuro·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 4, 2025

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
09:01

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

Published on: May 7, 2014

10.3K

Developmental differences in brain functional connectivity during social interaction in middle childhood.

Yaqiong Xiao1, Diana Alkire2, Dustin Moraczewski3

  • 1Center for Language and Brain, Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, China; Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience
|February 8, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Brain connectivity in the mentalizing and reward networks changes with age during childhood peer interactions. Greater connectivity during social interaction correlated with faster responses, offering insights into social development and disorders.

Keywords:
FMRIFunctional connectivityMentalizingMiddle childhoodSocial reward

More Related Videos

A Within-subjects Experimental Protocol to Assess the Effects of Social Input on Infant EEG
08:20

A Within-subjects Experimental Protocol to Assess the Effects of Social Input on Infant EEG

Published on: May 3, 2017

7.9K
Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
12:21

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Published on: September 12, 2011

25.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 4, 2025

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
09:01

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

Published on: May 7, 2014

10.3K
A Within-subjects Experimental Protocol to Assess the Effects of Social Input on Infant EEG
08:20

A Within-subjects Experimental Protocol to Assess the Effects of Social Input on Infant EEG

Published on: May 3, 2017

7.9K
Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
12:21

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Published on: September 12, 2011

25.4K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Social Neuroscience

Background:

  • Peer interactions significantly change from childhood to adolescence.
  • Limited research explores brain systems (mentalizing, reward networks) in direct peer interaction during childhood and early adolescence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate age-related modulation of functional connectivity within and between mentalizing and reward networks during social interaction.
  • Examine the relationship between brain network connectivity and behavioral responses in children.

Main Methods:

  • fMRI data analyzed from 50 children (8-12 years) during a peer chat vs. character question task.
  • Beta-series correlation analysis used to assess functional connectivity.
  • Explored effects within mentalizing, reward, salience, and mirror neuron networks.

Main Results:

  • Social interaction effects on functional connectivity within mentalizing and reward networks were modulated by age.
  • Increased connectivity within and between these networks during social interaction correlated with faster reaction times (Peer vs. Character).
  • Similar age-modulated effects observed in salience and mirror neuron networks.

Conclusions:

  • Findings reveal age-related differences in brain mechanisms supporting social interaction in children.
  • Provides insights into neural underpinnings of social development.
  • Potential to inform understanding of social-communicative difficulties in disorders like autism spectrum disorder.