Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 4, 2025
08:49
Assessing Changes in Volatile General Anesthetic Sensitivity of Mice after Local or Systemic Pharmacological Intervention
Published on: October 16, 2013
13.9K
RISK FACTORS INFLUENCING HYPERSENSITIVITY TO THE LOCAL ANESTHETIC DRUGS
T Kemoklidze1, N Topuridze2, L Mchedlishvili2
11University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia.
Georgian Medical News
|February 8, 2022
Summary
Identifying risk factors for local anesthetic hypersensitivity is crucial. Genetic predispositions and recent infections significantly increase allergy risk in this population.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Pharmacology
- Genetics
Background:
- Hypersensitivity to local anesthetic drugs poses a clinical challenge.
- Understanding risk factors is essential for patient safety and effective treatment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify risk factors for local anesthetic hypersensitivity in an ethnically homogenous population.
- To explore the association between genetic factors, clinical history, and allergic reactions.
Main Methods:
- Allergy evaluation using skin tests and Enzyme-linked Immunoassay (ELISA) for specific IgE.
- Human Leukocyte Antigen/Killer Immunoglobulin-like Receptor (HLA/KIR) typing via Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) with sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes (SSOP).
- Data collection through questionnaires on demographics, family history, and clinical data from 450 patients.
Main Results:
- Allergic status correlated with maternal/sibship allergies, personal drug/food allergies, and recent infections.
- Specific HLA/KIR profiles (HLAC1C1; KIR2DL2/2DL2; KIR2DL3/2DL3) were associated with hypersensitivity.
- Both genetic factors (family history, immunogenetic profiles) and acquired factors (infections) are linked to hypersensitivity.
Conclusions:
- Genetic and acquired factors play a role in the development of hypersensitivity to local anesthetic agents.
- Findings contribute to understanding the immunogenetic mechanisms of drug-related allergies.
Related Concept Videos
01:12Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects
516
While local anesthetics are generally safe and well-tolerated, they can occasionally cause adverse effects that vary in severity. Local anesthetics can induce toxicity at two distinct levels. They can either produce local effects through direct contact with the neural elements or be absorbed into the bloodstream from the injection site, leading to systemic effects.
Once absorbed into the systemic circulation, local anesthetics can affect the organs that depend on the functioning of sodium...
Once absorbed into the systemic circulation, local anesthetics can affect the organs that depend on the functioning of sodium...
516
01:13Local Anesthetics: Pharmacokinetics
904
The potency and duration of action of local anesthetics (LAs) are determined by their pharmacokinetics. Pharmacokinetics describes how LAs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated from the body. When administered to the vascular tissues, LAs are quickly absorbed and enter the systemic circulation, reducing their localized effects. Adding vasoconstrictors such as epinephrine to LAs reduces their absorption into the systemic circulation, making them clinically effective. The...
904
01:24Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers
988
Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
988
01:30Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia
1.3K
Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...
1.3K
01:27Local Anesthetics: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship
5.6K
Local anesthetics (LAs) are drugs that induce a temporary loss of sensation in a limited body area, preventing pain. Cocaine was the first local anesthetic discovered in the late 19th century. Cocaine is a benzoic acid ester obtained from the leaves of coca shrubs and was often used for its psychotropic effects. Cocaine was first isolated in 1860 by Albert Niemann. Sigmund Freud studied the physiological actions of cocaine. Carl Koller later introduced it into clinical practice in 1884 as a...
5.6K
01:23Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications
607
Local anesthetics (LAs) are commonly used for various applications in medical and dental procedures. Some of the common agents used are cocaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine.
Cocaine is an ester of benzoic acid and methylecgogine. It is used to anesthetize and vasoconstrict locally. Currently, it is used primarily for topical applications. It is beneficial for surgeries on the upper respiratory tract, providing anesthesia and shrinking the mucosa. Cocaine in the form of cocaine hydrochloride is...
Cocaine is an ester of benzoic acid and methylecgogine. It is used to anesthetize and vasoconstrict locally. Currently, it is used primarily for topical applications. It is beneficial for surgeries on the upper respiratory tract, providing anesthesia and shrinking the mucosa. Cocaine in the form of cocaine hydrochloride is...
607