KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE SURVEY AMONG GEORGIAN HEALTH CARE WORKERS TOWARDS BLOOD BORNE INFECTIONS

The prevalence of viral hepatitis B and C in Georgia is among the highest in the region. US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has selected Georgia as a pilot country for hepatitis C elimination program. Since 2015, Georgia launched a multi-year program of HCV elimination, including treatment of infected individuals with Direct Acting Antivirals (DAAs) and implementation of prevention programs, including infection control in health care facilities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the attitude and knowledge of blood borne infections (HIV, HCV, HBV) among Georgian Health Care Workers (HCWs). HCWs were recruited from six participating multi-profile hospitals and dental care institutions in three large cities of Georgia (Batumi (Western Georgia), Rustavi (Eastern Georgia) and the capital city, Tbilisi). A self - administered questionnaire included sections regarding sociodemographic and professional characteristics; awareness of blood-borne infections; practice for transmission risk reduction and perceived educational interventions acceptable among HCWs. The selection of HCWs was done through simple random sampling from the list of staff as a sampling frame. HCW's survey results were compared to the one from Dental health care workers (DHCWs). The total number of surveyed individuals was 442. Among them, 246 (55.6%) were HCWs (physicians, nurses, physician assistants and residents) from different departments, including family medicine (38.6 %), surgery (21.7%), gynecology (23.4%) and intensive care (13.9%) and 196 DHCWs (44.6%). Only few respondents (15.6%) correctly identified the prevalence of HIV infection in Georgia. HCWs have better understanding about the prevalence of viral hepatitis compared to DHCWs (Prevalence of HBsAg was correctly identified by 33.2 % vs 22.3%; prevalence of HCV- by 18.9 % vs 17.3%). Knowledge regarding transmission risks of blood-borne infections (HIV, HCV, HBV) among HCWs is higher compared to DHCWS (for HIV 73% vs 45.3%, for HCV 49.2% vs 37.9% and for HBV 54.8% vs 33.7%) (p<0.005). Vast majority of DHCWs as well as HCWs believed that probability of transmission of blood-borne infections after contaminated needle stick is 50-70% (p<0.05). There was a poor knowledge on availability of post exposure prophylaxis (42.9% of HCWs compare to 36.1% DHCWs believed that HCV post-exposure prophylaxis is available) (p<0.005). The practice of using facemasks (81% vs 74.4% always use, respectively), protective clothes (96.8% vs 83.3% always use) and eyewears (46.9% vs 27.4% always use) was reported by DHCWs and HCWs. Some nosocomial risk events were reported by higher proportion of DHCWs, compared to HCWs and included accidental needle stick injuries (65.1% vs 45.5%) and blood splashes (48.3% vs 28.2%). Cuts with contaminated instruments was more common among HCWs compared to DCHWs (41.4% vs 35.1%) during medical procedures. The study suggests that level of knowledge on blood borne infections among both HCWs and DHCWs is not adequate. Data from this study can be utilized to design educational programs for Georgian HCWs/DHCWs to improve knowledge and practice about blood borne diseases.