Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 4, 2025
09:01
The Double-H Maze: A Robust Behavioral Test for Learning and Memory in Rodents
Published on: July 8, 2015
12.7K
Cooperation in alternating interactions with memory constraints
Peter S Park1, Martin A Nowak1,2, Christian Hilbe3
1Department of Mathematics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
Nature Communications
|February 9, 2022
Summary
Cooperation can emerge in alternating games where players take turns, even with memory-one strategies. However, these strategies differ from simultaneous games and are not evolutionarily stable in noisy environments.
Area of Science:
- Evolutionary game theory
- Behavioral economics
- Social dynamics
Background:
- Reciprocity is key to cooperation in repeated social interactions.
- Existing models often assume synchronized decision-making, which is unrealistic for many natural scenarios.
- Asynchronous interactions, where help is exchanged alternately, are common in nature.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the emergence of cooperation and reciprocity in asynchronous, alternating games.
- To mathematically analyze Nash equilibria in memory-one strategies for alternating games.
- To explore the impact of game discounting, irregular alternation, and memory on cooperation.
Main Methods:
- Mathematical characterization of Nash equilibria for memory-one strategies.
- Evolutionary simulations to model game dynamics.
- Analysis of discounted games, irregular alternation patterns, and higher memory effects.
Main Results:
- Mutual cooperation evolves in alternating games across a broad parameter range.
- Cooperation in alternating games requires different strategies than in simultaneous games, especially in noisy environments.
- None of the analyzed strategies for alternating games are evolutionarily stable.
Conclusions:
- Alternating games can support cooperation, but necessitate distinct strategies compared to simultaneous games.
- The evolutionarily stable strategies differ between simultaneous and alternating interaction structures.
- Understanding asynchronous reciprocity is crucial for explaining cooperation in natural systems.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:16Interference and Decay
237
Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
Interference occurs when competing memories hinder the retrieval of particular information. It can be classified into two types: proactive and retroactive interference. Proactive...
Interference occurs when competing memories hinder the retrieval of particular information. It can be classified into two types: proactive and retroactive interference. Proactive...
237
01:58Cooperative Allosteric Transitions
8.1K
Cooperative allosteric transitions can occur in multimeric proteins, where each subunit of the protein has its own ligand-binding site. When a ligand binds to any of these subunits, it triggers a conformational change that affects the binding sites in the other subunits; this can change the affinity of the other sites for their respective ligands. The ability of the protein to change the shape of its binding site is attributed to the presence of a mix of flexible and stable segments in the...
8.1K
01:19Understanding Memory
679
Memory is the retention of information or experiences over time, facilitated through three main processes: encoding, storage, and retrieval. Encoding is the process of inputting information into the memory system. For instance, when listening to a lecture, watching a play, reading a book, or having a conversation, the brain is actively encoding information. This initial stage involves transforming sensory input into a form that can be processed and stored by the brain. Various factors, such as...
679
01:23System of Memory
6.6K
Memory is categorized into three major systems: sensory memory, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM). These systems differ in their capacity and the duration for which they can hold information. Sensory memory captures raw sensory input from the environment, holding it for just a few seconds or less. For example, on hearing a brief, loud sound, like a car horn honking, the sound seems to linger in the mind for a moment even after it stops. This is an instance of sensory memory...
6.6K
01:24Implicit Memories
211
Implicit memories, also known as non-declarative memories, are long-term memories that function outside of conscious awareness. These memories influence behavior and skills without explicit knowledge. This type of memory is evident in tasks like playing tennis, snowboarding, and texting. Implicit memory has three subsystems: procedural memory, conditioning, and priming. This type of memory is essential in various activities, from everyday tasks to specialized skills.
One key aspect of implicit...
One key aspect of implicit...
211
01:23Storage
146
A schema is a mental framework that helps individuals organize and interpret information. Schemata, formed from previous experiences, influence how we process new information: how we encode it, the inferences we make, and how we retrieve it. For instance, a schema for what a typical classroom looks like might include desks, a teacher's desk, a whiteboard, and students in such an environment. This expectation helps us quickly understand and navigate new classrooms without needing to analyze...
146