A Needs Assessment of Ohio Farmers' Self-Reported Health Behaviors

The study purpose was a needs assessment, to identify and quantify health behavior risk-factors of Ohio farmers in sleep, mental health, fruit/vegetable serving frequency, physical activity, tobacco, alcohol and illicit drug use, and weight status. Guided by the RE-AIM implementation framework, the research question was What behavioral choices pose health risk factors for Ohio farmers? This cross-sectional, quantitative, descriptive study used Qualtrics' hyperlinks, QR codes, or paper-and-pencil surveys to collect data on seven focused health behaviors. The survey combined valid and reliable public domain questionnaires. The target audience included Ohio farmers representing various commodities. Extension educators at the county, regional, and state level provided access and data collection during their existing community-based programs and annual pesticide training sessions. The survey has been opened from January 20, 2020 to December 5, 2020 with modified recruitment during COVID. A convenience sample of 505 farmers participated. The majority self-identified as male, married, white, non-Latino, and worked full-time. The most frequent commodity was field crops. Most farmers reported 7-to-8 h of sleep, but the MOS SLP6 subscale indicated 89.5% of the farmers reported a score greater than 51. The two PHQ-2 questions showed 9.6% of the farmers scored >3, indicating a likely major depression disorder. Fruit and vegetable serving frequency appeared less than dietary recommendations. Time spent in physical activity did not meet guidelines. Almost 80% of the farmers said they did not use tobacco; the most common choice was chews and snuffs. Audit-C showed 31.4% of the men and 27.7% of the women can be categorized as hazardous drinkers. Illicit drug use was reported by 3.7%. Most farmers were obese or overweight. Male respondents were 83.5% overweight or obese; females 70.8% were overweight or obese. Males ages 55-64 years were mostly likely to be obese (58%) followed by males ages 35-44 years (46%). Results were compared to Ohio's Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. These data will assist county Extension educators in identifying health prevention programming important for farm populations, utilizing community resources and services. While the findings of Ohio farmers may not be generalizable to other state farming communities, this survey and lessons learned can serve as a model for other Extension assessments.