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Aortic dissection and Covid-19; a comprehensive systematic review

Alireza Ramandi1, Mohammad Ali Akbarzadeh2, Isa Khaheshi2

  • 1School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Current Problems in Cardiology
|February 9, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Coronavirus disease 19 (Covid-19) can cause aortic dissection, a serious cardiovascular complication. This review explores the link between Covid-19 infection and aortic dissection, highlighting shared inflammatory pathways.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Vascular Surgery

Background:

  • Coronavirus disease 19 (Covid-19) is a global pandemic with diverse clinical manifestations.
  • While primarily a respiratory illness, Covid-19 presents significant extrapulmonary complications, particularly cardiovascular issues.
  • Aortic dissection, a critical cardiovascular event, is an increasingly recognized yet often underestimated complication of Covid-19.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review existing literature on aortic dissection occurring concurrently with Covid-19 infection.
  • To investigate potential pathophysiological similarities between aortic dissection and Covid-19 infection.
  • To underscore the importance of recognizing aortic dissection as a complication of Covid-19.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of articles reporting aortic dissection in patients with Covid-19.
  • Analysis of the pathophysiology of aortic dissection.
  • Comparison of inflammatory pathways implicated in Covid-19 and aortic dissection.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests a correlation between Covid-19 infection and an increased incidence of aortic dissection.
  • Shared inflammatory mechanisms, including cytokine storm and endothelial dysfunction, may link Covid-19 to aortic dissection.
  • The review identified specific patterns and risk factors in Covid-19 patients experiencing aortic dissection.

Conclusions:

  • Covid-19 infection may predispose individuals to aortic dissection through shared inflammatory pathways.
  • Increased clinical awareness and prompt diagnosis of aortic dissection in Covid-19 patients are crucial.
  • Further research is warranted to fully elucidate the complex relationship and guide clinical management.

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