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Updated: Oct 4, 2025

Experimental Investigation of Secondary Flow Structures Downstream of a Model Type IV Stent Failure in a 180° Curved Artery Test Section
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Parametric investigation of an injection-jet self-powered Fontan circulation

Ray Prather1,2,3, Arka Das4, Michael Farias5

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd., Orlando, FL, 32816, USA. ray.prather@orlandohealth.com.

Scientific Reports
|February 10, 2022
PubMed

Insights

An injection jet shunt (IJS) can lower elevated inferior vena cava (IVC) pressure in Fontan patients. This novel approach improves circulation and oxygen saturation, offering a potential solution for Fontan-associated morbidity.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Medical Engineering
  • Pediatric Cardiology

Background:

  • Single ventricle physiology presents complex challenges, with the Fontan operation being a palliative measure.
  • Fontan circulation failure is linked to elevated inferior vena cava (IVC) pressure, impacting survival rates.
  • Existing interventions have limitations in managing Fontan-associated morbidity and mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of an injection jet shunt (IJS) in reducing elevated IVC pressure in a simulated Fontan circulation.
  • To assess the impact of IJS on systemic oxygen saturation and overall hemodynamic performance.
  • To optimize IJS design parameters for improved Fontan patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a coupled 3D computational fluid dynamics and lumped parameter model for Fontan circulation.
  • Simulation of pulsatile blood flow, incorporating non-Newtonian rheology and large eddy simulation for turbulence.
  • Evaluation of various IJS configurations and fenestration modifications on IVC pressure and oxygen saturation.

Main Results:

  • A baseline failing Fontan model exhibited significantly elevated IVC pressure (+17.8 mmHg).
  • Increasing fenestration size reduced IVC pressure but compromised oxygen saturation (<80%).
  • The addition of a 2mm IJS effectively lowered IVC pressure by 3.2 mmHg while maintaining oxygen saturation above 80%.

Conclusions:

  • The injection jet shunt (IJS) demonstrates potential for mitigating elevated IVC pressure in Fontan patients.
  • IJS offers a promising strategy to improve hemodynamic function and oxygen delivery in Fontan circulation.
  • This study provides a computational basis for further development and clinical investigation of IJS in single ventricle palliation.

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